“…Within this class of observers we recall passivity-based designs, e.g. [2]; techniques based on LMIs conditions, [5], [23], [25]; Luenberger-like observers (also known as Kazantzis-Kravaris Luenberger observers), e.g., [1], [13]; approaches which use normal forms induced by uniform observability conditions such as high-gain observers, e.g., [3], [4], [8], [14]; sliding-mode observers, e.g., [9]. When the system's dynamics are very complex, the design of such observers may be not possible, e.g., because of non-feasibility of the LMIs [2], [5], [25], or too complicated to apply, e.g.…”