A Second Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infection from Anti&amp;ndash;D Immunoglobulin in Ireland

Smith, Donald B.; Lawlor, Emer; Power, Joan; O’Riordan, Joan; McAllister, Jane; Lycett, C. D. L.; Davidson, Fiona; Pathirana, Steve; Garson, Jeremy A.; Tedder, Richard S.; Yap, Peng Lee; Simmonds, Peter

doi:10.1159/000031045

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Biological products prepared from pools of various donors carry the risk of infection transmission, as it has already been demonstrated in different studies [7,8,9]. There is a residual risk of viral contamination and a potential risk of prion transmission, which corroborates that IgRH, like any other biological product, should be administered only when it is really necessary [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Kenny-Walsh et al [7] found batches of IgRH used in Ireland between 1977 and 1978 that were contaminated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and detected this virus in a group of women that had received IgRH. Smith et al [8] investigated the infectivity for HCV of IgRH batches prepared in Ireland between 1991 and 1994 and detected the virus in 44 women who had received IgRH. In addition, in Germany, hepatitis G virus (GBV-C) sequences were detected in batches of anti-D immunoglobulin contaminated with HCV, responsible for a HCV outbreak in 1979 [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Usefulness of Non-Invasive Fetal RHD Genotyping towards Immunoprophylaxis Optimization

Blanco

Giacomi²,

Slobodianiuk³

et al. 2018

Transfus Med Hemother

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Introduction: Since anti-D immunoprophylaxis given to D-negative pregnant women is a blood product, blood donations have an impact on the availability of prophylactic doses. The Pan American Health Organization reported, in June 2017, that less than half of blood donors are volunteers in Latin America and the Caribbean. In these countries, guidelines for use of anti-D prophylaxis are still controversial. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the convenience of a simple and cost-effectivene non-invasive prenatal diagnostic assay for anti-D prophylaxis optimization in multiethnic populations. Methods: Cell-free fetal DNA from plasma samples of D-negative pregnant women were analyzed by real-time PCR for simultaneous amplification of sequences of exons 5 and 10 of the RHD gene. Fetal RHD genotype was determined in 111 pregnant women. Neonates' phenotype was determined 72 h after birth. Results: Genotyping predicted fetal phenotype with 100% accuracy. Prenatal diagnosis showed 78% RHD-positive and 22% RHD-negative neonates. Conclusion: We demonstrated that, beyond the large genetic variation of the Rh system and the numerous D variants present in multiethnic groups, non-invasive fetal RHD genotyping using two sequences of the gene can be enough for clinical application in an admixed population. This robust technique of simple implementation allows to determine fetal RHD in maternal blood with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The introduction of fetal RhD genotyping as part of an antenatal screening program constitutes a reliable manner to optimize anti-D prophylaxis; however, it has not been implemented so far in most American countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Non-Invasive Fetal RHD Genotyping towards Immunoprophylaxis Optimization

Blanco

Giacomi²,

Slobodianiuk³

et al. 2018

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the dominant part of parenteral and sporadic non-A-non-B hepatitis cases. At least 70% of infected patients develop chronic infection and approximately 20% progress to cirrhosis of the liver [9][10][11]. In spite of the fact that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease around the world, the virus has not yet been cultured in vitro and little is understood regarding its biological and physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of HCV Genotypes and Viral Loads in Chronic Hepatic Sudanese infected Patients

Nasseir¹,

Elawad²,

Osman³

2019

Int J Microbiol Curr Res

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Background: Knowledge of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes is significant for arranging treatment regimes. Quantitative HCV RNA testing provides prognostic data useful in monitoring the efficacy of antiviral therapy.Methods: A total of 1203 serum samples were collected from individuals attending outpatients units at Khartoum State and Gezira State. The study population comprises two groups. Blood donors study groups (n=600) and chronic hepatic patients during the course of HCV infection (n=603). Serum samples was screened using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) (Biokit, A.S. Spain®). HCV positive samples (n=100) were quantified by HCV Real-TM Quant SC (Sacace Biotechnologies Italy®).Results: Hundred HCV sero-positive samples were subjected to genotyping and quantitative analysis of these samples using RT-PCR, HCV genotype 4 was the predominant genotype (92%) followed by genotype 2 (4%), genotype 1 (2%) and 3 (2%) in different groups. The average viral load of the patients infected with genotype 4 was higher than an average viral load of the patients infected with genotypes 1,2 and 3. Conclusions:The present study highlighted that genotype 4 is the predominant genotype in Sudanese hepatic patients followed by genotype 2. The severity of liver disease was more among genotype 4 patients as assessed by a higher viral load.

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The issue of Anti-D: An integrated seamless approach from recognition of need to bedside administration

et al. 2005

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We have reviewed our policy and procedures pertaining to the administration of Anti-D for sensitising events during pregnancy and postnatally, in the Mid-Western Health Board in 1999/2000. As a result, major changes were made in the storage, issue, recording and administration of Anti-D. New procedures in the transfusion laboratory and in the maternity hospital have been accepted by scientists and midwives and supported by haematology and obstetric medical staff. The pharmacy and haematology laboratory no longer have a role in this programme. IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CHANGE MANAGEMENT: As a result of these changes, the storage, issuing and tracking of Anti-D has become the responsibility of the hospital blood bank. Measurement offoeto-maternal haemorrhage (FMH) is now the responsibility of bio medical scientists in blood bank, utilising both flow cytometry (increasingly recognised as the gold standard method) and the Kleihauer method (Kleihauer-Betke). The programme has moved from a doctor-administered IV Anti-D Ig, to a midwife-administered IM preparation. Prescription remains the responsibility of the doctor. These changes are facilitated by the protocol guided issue of the appropriate dose of Anti-D Ig by bio medical scientists to midwives. The issue of the Anti-D Ig occurs simultaneously with issue of results of mother and baby's serology testing and estimation of volume of FMH. These major changes have been guided by audit and needs assessment and require close liaison between medical, nursing and laboratory scientific staff in haematology, transfusion and obstetrics. CRITICAL INCIDENT AUDIT-CASE REPORT: Before new procedures became official policy, a critical incident audit allowed us to pilot our protocol and to revise it using draft new procedures. In this critical incident we describe successful management of a patient with a large foeto-maternal haemorrhage. This incident supported the need for the procedural enhancements already underway. This critical incident re-emphasised the need for the planned systems improvements to be introduced quickly.

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A Second Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infection from Anti–D Immunoglobulin in Ireland

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Usefulness of Non-Invasive Fetal RHD Genotyping towards Immunoprophylaxis Optimization

Usefulness of Non-Invasive Fetal RHD Genotyping towards Immunoprophylaxis Optimization

Determination of HCV Genotypes and Viral Loads in Chronic Hepatic Sudanese infected Patients

The issue of Anti-D: An integrated seamless approach from recognition of need to bedside administration

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