“…More than two decades have passed since the publication of Pervin and Turner's (1998) report the challenges for schools to notice the existence of TTB is still alive, despite the fact that for the past ten years, there was a substantial increase in the prevalence of teacher targeted bullying (Kõiv, 2015). Previous international studies (in Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Africa, Turkey) on the TTB have predominantly examined the problem in terms of nature, prevalence, negative effects and risk factors among teachers (quantitatively: Benefield, 2004;Billett, Fogelgarn, & Burns, 2019;De Wet, 2006;De Wet & Jacobs, 2006;Kõiv, 2015;Özkiliç, 2012;Özkilic & Kartal, 2012;Pervin & Turner, 1998;Santos & Tin, 2018;Uz & Bayraktar, 2019;Terry, 1998;Woudstra, Van Rensburg, Visser, & Jordaan, 2018; among teachers as victims of TTB (qualitatively: Bester, Du Plessis, & Treurnich, 2017;De Wet, 2010quantitatively: Kauppi & Pörhölä, 2012a, 2012bKõiv, 2020), and also carried on via social media (qualitatively: De Wet, 2019). Although, teacher-directed violence is an issue analyzed in international arena (Longobardi et al, 2019) studies predominantly look at this phenomenon from the perspective of the teachers and only limited studies have focused on the teachers as victims' perspective.…”