“…The security of quantum cryptography relies on the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics instead of the complex mathematical problems involved in classical cryptography. In the prospect of quantum cryptography, many branches have been established, such as quantum key distribution (QKD), [1][2][3] quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), 4,5 quantum private comparison protocol, 6 quantum teleportation, [7][8][9] quantum digital signature, 10,11 quantum image encryption, [12][13][14] and quantum visual secret sharing. 15,16 Similarly, quantum secret sharing (QSS) is one of the crucial research problems in secure communication.…”