An important milestone in network development is ISO's (International Standardization Organization) definition of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) seven-layer network model. The OSI reference model is a logical definition, that is specification, it logically divides the network into seven layers. Each layer has related and corresponding physical devices, such as routers, switches, etc. It not only becomes the basis for the evaluation and analysis of various network technologies before and after, but also becomes the reference model of network protocol design and unification. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the data transmission mechanism of the OSI model.