A sediment-mixing process model of till genesis, using texture and clay mineralogy data from Saginaw lobe (Michigan, USA) tills

Schaetzl, Randall J.; Baish, Christopher; Colgan, Patrick M.; Knauff, Jarrod; Bilintoh, Thomas Mumuni; Wanyama, Dan; Church, Michelle; McKeehan, Kevin; Fulton, Albert E.; Arbogast, Alan F.

doi:10.1017/qua.2019.82

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 59 publications

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“…For each glossic horizon group sample, a minimum of five subsamples were analyzed and the mean was considered the representative textural “signature” for that group. Because laser diffractometry tends to underestimate the clay content and overestimate the silt fraction (Eshel et al., 2004; Fisher et al., 2017; Konert & Vandenberghe, 1997; Yang et al., 2019), we defined the clay‐silt textural break at 8 μm, as guided by recent studies reported in Michigan (Nyland et al., 2018; Schaetzl, Baish, et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the origin and evolution of glossic features in coarse‐textured soils in northern lower Michigan (USA)

Baish

Schaetzl

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Although glossic horizons are widespread throughout the Great Lakes region (USA), any type of detailed empirical investigation of their genesis has not been conducted for decades. In this study, we investigated a well‐drained Haplic Glossudalf formed in calcareous till in northern Michigan and examined its glossic features across five stages of development, from nondegraded to completely degraded. Along this sequence, the glossic horizon is formed from a Bt horizon, then destroyed, evolving into an E horizon. Argillic horizon degradation is initiated from the top downward, along discrete percolation pathways. Here, temporary, highly localized, anoxic conditions favor the reduction and eluviation of Fe oxides associated with argillans. After Fe removal, clay, and to lesser extent fine silt, in the argillans become mobilized. This process results in bleached, E horizon interfingerings that penetrate the upper Bt horizon. Although eluviation of clay and fine silt is required for glossic horizon formation, their removal follows a distinct pathway from fine clay through coarse clay, and finally fine silt. This research documents the importance of redox processes at microsites in the upper Bt horizon as the destabilizing trigger for glossic horizon formation. Redox processes and microerosion may be more important than the traditionally accepted view of destabilization of clay floccules by loss of basic cations from the exchange complex. We also note that lessivage, as traditionally defined, in these soils is associated with not just clay translocation, but also fine silt.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the origin and evolution of glossic features in coarse‐textured soils in northern lower Michigan (USA)

Baish

Schaetzl

2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Thousands of shallow, relict gullies indicate thermo-erosion on the sandy uplands of northern Lower Michigan during the Late Pleistocene

Baish,

Post,

Shortridge

et al. 2024

Geomorphology

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Subglacial tills: a process model based on microsedimentological clues

Menzies,

Paulen,

Reitner

et al. 2023

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Subglacial sediments are subject to erosion, transport, and deposition in active, ephemeral, and spatially localized glacial environments. It is critical to determine how these mobilized sediments become immobilized in a time-transgressive process and can be frequently remobilized and reimmobilized. Microscopic sedimentary structural signatures provide invaluable information on subglacial processes and contribute to understanding till formation. Data were obtained from a series of field sites in Canada and Austria investigating the microsedimentological aspects of both alpine and continental glaciation tills to construct a conceptual model of subglacial deformation. Microstructures in these tills indicate rheological behaviors that can be summarized into a potential model for soft deforming subglacial sediments. Most microstructures noted in these subglacial till examples highlight the development of subglacial interface kinematics providing clues to till deposition mechanics, subglacial bedform development, and the processes involved in till provenance distributions. A conceptual process model of subglacial interface conditions in soft mobile sediments is developed that uses microsedimentological evidence and highlights how an active ice mass integrates with ongoing substrate deformation. In the model, interaction occurs between the ice and its sediment bed with internal sediment microstructures evolving where multiple transient shear deformation processes cause localized deformation linked to pervasive and nonpervasive sediment deformation.

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A sediment-mixing process model of till genesis, using texture and clay mineralogy data from Saginaw lobe (Michigan, USA) tills

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

New insights into the origin and evolution of glossic features in coarse‐textured soils in northern lower Michigan (USA)

New insights into the origin and evolution of glossic features in coarse‐textured soils in northern lower Michigan (USA)

Thousands of shallow, relict gullies indicate thermo-erosion on the sandy uplands of northern Lower Michigan during the Late Pleistocene

Subglacial tills: a process model based on microsedimentological clues

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