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Background: Characteristics of oral readings are well studied in school-aged children and teenagers, but not in educated adults. Objectives: Assess the prevalence of prosodic boundary incongruences in oral readings of adult, native, educated, Brazilian Portuguese speakers and analyze their correlations with specific linguist features. Design, settings, and participants: We studied an online video corpus of political speeches delivered by house members of the Brazilian parliament between 2017 and 2018, and their respective written texts. Measurements: We assessed a) prosodic boundary incongruences between oral readings and written texts, b) actor prototypicality of the subjects, c) thematic continuity of the sentences, and d) a variable called 'sufficiency', related to the concept of argumenthood, assorting each word according to its need for complementary words. The inter-rater reliability of the author's perceptions of incongruences underwent Cohen's Kappa test. Results: In 5 hours of oral readings, we found a median of 1.4 prosodic boundary incongruences per minute (interquartile range: 0.766 - 2.212). 80% of the incongruences were insertions of non-terminal or terminal boundaries. Prosodic boundary incongruency correlated positively with a) thematic continuity of the incongruent sentences (p-value = 0.0006345), b) the concept of 'sufficiency' (p-value < 2.2e-16); and correlated negatively with c) first-person subjects (p-value = 0.0002584). Limitations: The assessment of the variables was subjective, and we did not control sentences for their lengths when analyzing variables 'b' and 'c'. Conclusions: Prosodic boundary incongruences were relatively common in our corpus. We introduced some hypotheses to explain the results.
Background: Characteristics of oral readings are well studied in school-aged children and teenagers, but not in educated adults. Objectives: Assess the prevalence of prosodic boundary incongruences in oral readings of adult, native, educated, Brazilian Portuguese speakers and analyze their correlations with specific linguist features. Design, settings, and participants: We studied an online video corpus of political speeches delivered by house members of the Brazilian parliament between 2017 and 2018, and their respective written texts. Measurements: We assessed a) prosodic boundary incongruences between oral readings and written texts, b) actor prototypicality of the subjects, c) thematic continuity of the sentences, and d) a variable called 'sufficiency', related to the concept of argumenthood, assorting each word according to its need for complementary words. The inter-rater reliability of the author's perceptions of incongruences underwent Cohen's Kappa test. Results: In 5 hours of oral readings, we found a median of 1.4 prosodic boundary incongruences per minute (interquartile range: 0.766 - 2.212). 80% of the incongruences were insertions of non-terminal or terminal boundaries. Prosodic boundary incongruency correlated positively with a) thematic continuity of the incongruent sentences (p-value = 0.0006345), b) the concept of 'sufficiency' (p-value < 2.2e-16); and correlated negatively with c) first-person subjects (p-value = 0.0002584). Limitations: The assessment of the variables was subjective, and we did not control sentences for their lengths when analyzing variables 'b' and 'c'. Conclusions: Prosodic boundary incongruences were relatively common in our corpus. We introduced some hypotheses to explain the results.
Secondo la teoria della Lingua in Atto, le unità di informazione parentetiche inseriscono nell’enunciato informazioni poste su un piano locutivo secondario rispetto alla relazione Topic/Comment. Possono apparire in tutte le posizioni, ma non in prima posizione e non sono mai composizionali con un’altra unità di informazione. Le Parentesi poste alla periferia destra del Comment possono essere confuse con le unità di Appendice, in quanto la realizzazione prosodica risulta simile, nonostante le Appendici esprimano informazioni ridondanti che invece integrano il Comment. Sulla base del Data Base dell’Articolazione dell’Informazione IPIC il lavoro esplora le ragioni che consentono l’individuazione dei Parentetici nei Corpora di parlato spontaneo Italiano. Dati i loro valori semantici, le valutazioni modali e i commenti metalinguistici (che sono la grande maggioranza delle parentesi brevi nel discorso) introducono un salto nella prospettiva dell’enunciato che li colloca automaticamente su un piano locutivo secondario e non possono mai essere Appendici. Al contrario, altri tipi di espressioni che anche riempiono l’unità Parentetica (congiunzioni, se-frasi, avverbi e argomenti esterni, parentesi lunghe) possono essere in linea di principio considerate integrazioni del Comment. Il lavoro sostiene che l'interpretazione tra parentesi di queste unità di informazione risulta sottodeterminata a meno che il parlante non segnali il valore parentetico attraverso segnali prosodici o multimodali. Secondo i risultati dell’analisi condotta, inoltre, le parentesi lunghe in posizione finale non vengono realizzate come unità informative dell’enunciato ma piuttosto come "enunciati parentetici", pienamente autonomi. According to the Language Into Act Theory, Parenthetical units insert in the Utterance information that is placed on a secondary locutive plan with respect to the Topic / Comment relation. They can appear in all but not in the first position of the utterance and are never compositional with another information unit. Because of prosodic similarities, however, Parenthesis placed at the right periphery of the Comment can be confused with Appendix units, which on the contrary express redundant information complementing the Comment. On the basis of the IPIC Information Structure Data-Base the paper explore the reasons which allow their detection in Italian Spontaneous Speech Corpora. Because of their semantic values, Modal evaluations and Metalinguistic commentaries (the large majority of Parenthesis in speech) introduce a jump in the perspective of the utterance, which places them on a secondary locutive plan and can never be Appendixes. On the contrary other types of expressions that can also fill the Parenthetical unit (conjunctions, if-sentences, adverbials and external arguments, long parenthetical) can be in principle also integrations of the Comment. The paper argues that the parenthetical interpretation of these information units will remain under-determined unless the speaker signals this value through prosodic or multimodal cues. Moreover, according to our finding, long parenthesis in the final position are not performed as information units of the utterance but rather as fully autonomous “parenthetical utterance”.
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