A selective modulation of the olfactory bulb electrical activity in relation to the learning of palatability in hungry and satiated rats

Pager, Jeanne

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(74)90172-3

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…With respect to olfaction, it is not known whether in primates the orbitofrontal cortex is the first stage of olfactory processing at which neuronal responses are modulated by feeding. In rats, Pager et al ( 1972) and Pager ( 1974) recorded the activity of neurons in the olfactory bulb and showed that responses to food odors were decreased after feeding the animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The responses of visual neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex are known to be influenced by the reward and taste association of the visual stimuli )) yet the responses of orbitofiontal cells selective for food stimuli have not previously been shown to be influenced directly by satiation, as has been demonstrated for visual neurons in the hypothalamus (Rolls et al 1986). Although some data ( Pager 1974;Pager et al 1972) have indicated that processing in the early stages of the rat olfactory pathway may be influenced by satiety (even at the level of the olfactory bulb), there have been no such studies for primates. The present study examines the olfactory responses to food in a region where there is convergence of olfactory, visual, and taste information about food and where the responses of taste neurons are known to be affected by satiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex

Critchley

Rolls

1996

Journal of Neurophysiology

433

288

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SUMMARYAND CONCLUSIONS1. The primate orbitofiontal cortex is the site of convergence of information from primary taste and primary olfactory cortical regions. In addition, it receives projections from temporal lobe visual areas concerned with the representation of objects such as foods. Previous work has shown that the responses of gustatory neurons in the secondary taste area within the orbitofrontal cortex are modulated by hunger and satiety, in that they stop responding to the taste of a food on which an animal has been fed to behavioral satiation, yet may continue to respond to the taste of other foods.2. This study demonstrates a similar modulation of the responses of olfactory and visual orbitofrontal cortex neurons after &ding to satiety. Seven of nine olfactory neurons that were responsive to the odors of foods, such as blackcurrant juice, were found to decrease their responses to the odor of the satiating food in a selective and statistically significant manner.3. It also was found for eight of nine neurons that had selective responses to the sight of food, that they demonstrated a sensoryspecific reduction in their visual responses to foods after satiation.4 The responses of orbitofiontal cortex neurons selective for foods in more than one modality also were analyzed before and after feeding to satiation. Satiety often affected the responses of these multimodal neurons across all modalities, but a sensoryspecific effect was not always demonstrable for both modalities.5. These findings show that the olfactory and visual representations of food, as well as the taste representation of food, in the primate orbitofi=ontal cortex are modulated by hunger. Usually a component related to sensory-specific satiety can be demonstrated. The findings link at least part of the processing of olfactory and visual information in this brain region to the control of feedingrelated behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex

Critchley

Rolls

1996

Journal of Neurophysiology

433

288

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“…For the D-D and DP-D groups, eight monopolar recording electrodes (80 m; 100 -500 k⍀) assembled in pairs (except for the OB and the ILC sites) were all positioned in the left hemisphere according to the following coordinates (Paxinos and Watson, 1998): Posterior part of the OB (7 mm anterior relative to the nasal suture, 1.3 mm lateral and 4.5 mm ventral to bregma); aPC and the ventrolateral part of the OFC (3.2 mm anterior, 3 mm lateral, and 5.5-6.8 mm ventral to bregma, with an intertip distance of 1.5 mm); ILC (2.7 mm anterior, 0.4 mm lateral, and 5 mm ventral relative to bregma); medial part of the IC, one electrode in the granular zone (gIC) and the other in the agranular zone (aIC) (0.7 mm anterior, 5.6 mm lateral, and 5.5-7 mm ventral to bregma, with an intertip distance of 1.5 mm); pPC and BLA (2.8 mm posterior, 5.1 mm lateral, and 8 -9.5 mm ventral to bregma, with an intertip distance of 1.7 mm). In the OB, the electrode was placed at the level of the mitral cell layer using electrophysiological monitoring of the characteristic large multiunit mitral cell activity (Pager, 1974). In aPC and pPC, the electrode tip was positioned at the vicinity of the pyramidal cell layer using the reversal point of the evoked potential induced in this structure in response to electrical stimulation of the OB electrode (0.1 ms pulse, 300 A).…”

Section: Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Way an Odor Is Experienced during Aversive Conditioning Determines the Extent of the Network Recruited during Retrieval: A Multisite Electrophysiological Study in Rats

Chapuis¹,

Garcia²,

Messaoudi³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

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Recent findings have revealed the importance of orthonasal and retronasal olfaction in food memory, especially in conditioned odor aversion (COA); however, little is known about the dynamics of the cerebral circuit involved in the recognition of an odor as a toxic food signal and whether the activated network depends on the way (orthonasal vs retronasal) the odor was first experienced. In this study, we mapped the modulations of odor-induced oscillatory activities through COA learning using multisite recordings of local field potentials in behaving rats. During conditioning, orthonasal odor alone or associated with ingested odor was paired with immediate illness. For all animals, COA retrieval was assessed by orthonasal smelling only. Both types of conditioning induced similarly strong COA. Results pointed out (1) a predictive correlation between the emergence of powerful beta (15-40 Hz) activity and the behavioral expression of COA and (2) a differential network distribution of this beta activity according to the way the animals were exposed to the odor during conditioning. Indeed, for both types of conditioning, the aversive behavior was predicted by the emergence of a strong beta oscillatory activity in response to the odor in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and basolateral amygdala. This network was selectively extended to the infralimbic and insular cortices when the odor was ingested during acquisition. These differential networks could participate in different food odor memory; these results are discussed in line with recent behavioral results that indicate that COA can be formed over long odor-illness delays only if the odor is ingested.

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“…These learning-induced behavioral and neural changes require norepinephrine (NE) (LC lesion or blocking olfactory bulb NE prevents learning), and an odor preference is learned from odor-NE pairings (LC stimulation or olfactory bulb NE infusions) (Sullivan et al, 1992(Sullivan et al, , 2000bYuan et al, 2003). Although the behavioral and neural changes are dependent on acquisition during the sensitive period, the odor is later important for the mate choice, sex, and maternal behavior of the adult (Pager, 1974;Coopersmith and Leon, 1986;Fillion and Blass, 1986;Moore et al, 1996;Fleming et al, 1999;Shah et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Neural Circuitry for Neonatal Olfactory Learning

Moriceau¹,

Sullivan²

2004

J. Neurosci.

129

112

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Imprinting ensures that the infant forms the caregiver attachment necessary for altricial species survival. In our mammalian model of imprinting, neonatal rats rapidly learn the odor-based maternal attachment. This rapid learning requires reward-evoked locus ceruleus (LC) release of copious amounts of norepinephrine (NE) into the olfactory bulb. This imprinting ends at postnatal day 10 (P10) and is associated with a dramatic reduction in reward-evoked LC NE release. Here we assess whether the functional emergence of LC ␣2 inhibitory autoreceptors and the downregulation of LC ␣1 excitatory autoreceptors underlie the dramatic reduction in NE release associated with termination of the sensitive period. Postsensitive period pups (P12) were implanted with either LC or olfactory bulb cannulas, classically conditioned with intracranial drug infusions (P14), and tested for an odor preference (P15). During conditioning, a novel odor was paired with either olfactory bulb infusion of a ␤-receptor agonist (isoproterenol) to assess the target effects of NE or direct LC cholinergic stimulation combined with ␣2 antagonists and ␣1 agonists in a mixture to reinstate neonatal levels of LC autoreceptor activity to assess the source of NE. Pups learned an odor preference when the odor was paired with either olfactory bulb isoproterenol infusion or reinstatement of neonatal LC receptor activity. These results suggest that LC autoreceptor functional changes rather than olfactory bulb changes underlie sensitive period termination.

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A selective modulation of the olfactory bulb electrical activity in relation to the learning of palatability in hungry and satiated rats

Cited by 66 publications

References 11 publications

Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex

Hunger and satiety modify the responses of olfactory and visual neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex

The Way an Odor Is Experienced during Aversive Conditioning Determines the Extent of the Network Recruited during Retrieval: A Multisite Electrophysiological Study in Rats

Unique Neural Circuitry for Neonatal Olfactory Learning

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