A selective synthesis of 1-phenylethanol and γ-butyrolactone through coupling processes over Cu/MgO catalysts

Surface synergistic effect in well-dispersed Cu/MgO catalysts for highly efficient vapor-phase hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds

“…As for C-10 sample, the peak at about 933.6 eV is attributed to highly dispersed Cu 2+ species present in metal oxide (Cu A 2+ ), while the one at about 935.0 eV may be associated with covalent Cu 2+ -O bond polarized by Mg 2+ ions (Cu B 2+ ) thereby decreasing the effective charge of Cu 2+ species. 46 Noticeably, the increase in the Cu loading favors Cu A 2+ species rather than Cu B 2+ species, due to the formation of more CuO phase, indicative of the weakened interactions between Cu-Mg species. Further, the reduced samples were characterized by XPS to obtain more information about the surface chemical states of copper (Fig.5).…”

One-pot synthesis of ethylbenzene/1-phenylethanol and γ-butyrolactone from simultaneous acetophenone hydrogenation and 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation over copper based catalysts: effects of the support

“…The reason for decreasing in surface area of the catalysts is pore blocking of the supports by addition of copper. 4,43,44 The surface area is as follows in the increasing order Cu/MgO < Cu/MgOAl 2 O 3 < Cu/Al 2 O 3 < Cu/SiO 2 .…”

“…In general, the enhancement in the BDO conversion with increase in temperature appraises the endothermic nature of BDO dehydrogenation. 4 Due to poor copper dispersion in Cu/MgO-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, the catalytic activity is too low compared with other catalysts. In other words the stubborn reduction behaviour of copper on this support as shown in TPR may leads to lower activity though catalyst contained basic sites.…”

“…[25][26][27][28][29] The inuence of supported copper catalysts on dehydrogenation of BDO to GBL has been examined. 1,4,24,30 Since, the dehydrogenation of BDO to GBL is favourable over acid supported catalysts, it has been conducted over acidic supported catalysts such as Cu/Cr/Mn, Cu/Cr/Zn and Cu/Zn/Al. Moreover, Cu-Zn-Al was employed for hydrogenation of maleic anhydride and dehydrogenation of BDO and results obtained high yield of GBL.…”

“…Hydrogenation of ACP can produce 1-phenylethanol (PhE), and ethylbenzene (EB), whereas BDO cyclodehydrogenation can form g-butyrolactone (GBL) and its cyclodehydration can generate tetrahydrofuran (THF). PhE is industrially employed for making perfumery products [4][5][6][7] whereas EB is an important starting material in the manufacturing of styrene. 7 Because of the wider utility of both PhE and EB, intensive research has been conducted on the selective hydrogenation of ACP using supported noble metal catalysts [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and base metal catalysts such as nickel [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and copper 23 using harsh reaction conditions such as high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures in different solvents.…”