A Self-Adapting Synchronized-Switch Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Chamanian, Salar; Muhtaroğlu, Ali; Külah, Haluk

doi:10.1109/tpel.2019.2910410

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…PSSHI with digital controls and integrated circuit solutions have also been reported for piezoelectric cantilevers and generally show the best improvement. Although studies show PSSHI operation at very low input voltages with good performance (up to 4.75 times compared to the full-wave bridge rectifier) [ 19 ], there are no reports of circuits for piezoelectric stacks. In addition, integrated circuit design for low-volume implementations can be costly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also provides a Power-good (

) terminal that informs when sufficient energy is available for stable operation and prevents the load from drawing current before this happens. The commercial PMU is a pragmatic alternative to other implementations consisting of custom voltage regulators, maximum power point tracking circuits, energy aware interfaces, and integrated circuit design [ 19 , 23 , 39 , 40 ]. In this implementation, the output of the voltage doubler (

) supplies power to the PMU.…”

Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To support the use of PFEH in a wider range of operating conditions, various methods and techniques such as (a) fluid-mechanics interface optimization [ 6 ], (b) acoustic impedance matching [ 7 , 8 ], (c) circuit techniques that enable efficient rectification at low input voltage [ 9 , 18 , 19 ], and (d) circuit techniques to increase power generation can be used to enhance the performance of the PFEH [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The focus of this work is to propose and evaluate a self-powered wireless pressure sensor (SP-WPS) considering pressure fluctuations with amplitudes less than 1 bar at frequencies less than 300

.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester

Aranda

Bader

Oelmann

2021

Sensors

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Condition monitoring devices in hydraulic systems that use batteries or require wired infrastructure have drawbacks that affect their installation, maintenance costs, and deployment flexibility. Energy harvesting technologies can serve as an alternative power supply for system loads, eliminating batteries and wiring requirements. Despite the interest in pressure fluctuation energy harvesters, few studies consider end-to-end implementations, especially for cases with low-amplitude pressure fluctuations. This generates a research gap regarding the practical amount of energy available to the load under these conditions, as well as interface circuit requirements and techniques for efficient energy conversion. In this paper, we present a self-powered sensor that integrates an energy harvester and a wireless sensing system. The energy harvester converts pressure fluctuations in hydraulic systems into electrical energy using an acoustic resonator, a piezoelectric stack, and an interface circuit. The prototype wireless sensor consists of an industrial pressure sensor and a low-power Bluetooth System-on-chip that samples and wirelessly transmits pressure data. We present a subsystem analysis and a full system implementation that considers hydraulic systems with pressure fluctuation amplitudes of less than 1 bar and frequencies of less than 300 Hz. The study examines the frequency response of the energy harvester, the performance of the interface circuit, and the advantages of using an active power improvement unit adapted for piezoelectric stacks. We show that the interface circuit used improves the performance of the energy harvester compared to previous similar studies, showing more power generation compared to the standard interface. Experimental measurements show that the self-powered sensor system can start up by harvesting energy from pressure fluctuations with amplitudes starting at 0.2 bar at 200 Hz. It can also sample and transmit sensor data at a rate of 100 Hz at 0.7 bar at 200 Hz. The system is implemented with off-the-shelf circuits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also provides a Power-good (

) supplies power to the PMU.…”

Section: System Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester

Aranda

Bader

Oelmann

2021

Sensors

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“…If we assume that flipping element in Fig. 6 is an inductor, we will achieve synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) operation and according to [21], [30], the flipped voltage magnitude (V F −S S H I ) obtained after charging can be expressed as:…”

Section: B Optimum Voltage Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Profile Autonomous Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators

Ciftci

Chamanian

Muhtaroğlu

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a low-profile and autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system consisting of an extraction rectifier and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit for powering portable electronics. Synchronized switch harvesting on capacitor-inductor (SSHCI) technique with its unique two-step voltage flipping process is utilized to downsize the ponderous external inductor and extend application areas of such harvesting systems. SSHCI implementation with small flipping inductorcapacitor combination enhances voltage flipping efficiency and accordingly attains power extraction improvements over conventional synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) circuits utilizing bulky external components. A novel MPPT system provides robustness of operation against changing load and excitation conditions. Innovation in MPPT comes from the refresh unit, which continually monitors excitation conditions of piezoelectric harvester to detect any change in optimum storage voltage. Compared with conventional circuits, optimal flipping detection inspired from active diode structures eliminates the need for external adjustment, delivering autonomy to SSHCI. Inductor sharing between SSHCI and MPPT reduces the number of external components. The circuit is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology with 1.23 mm 2 active area, and is tested with custom MEMS piezoelectric harvester at its resonance frequency of 415 Hz. It is capable of extracting 5.44x more power compared to ideal FBR, while using 100µ H inductor. Due to reduction of losses through low power design techniques, measured power conversion efficiency of 83% is achieved at 3.2 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitude. Boosting of power generation capacity in a low profile is a significant contribution of the design.

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“…These piezoelectric materials can be deposited on cantilever structures. The PEH devices have emerged in recent years due to the possibility of integration with MEMS [16][17][18]. For instance, several researchers have developed MEMS-based PEH devices for different applications [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

et al. 2020

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Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices can convert the mechanical vibrations of their surrounding environment into electrical energy for low-power sensors. This electrical energy is amplified when the operation resonant frequency of the PEH device matches with the vibration frequency of its surrounding environment. We present the electromechanical modeling of two MEMS-based PEH devices to transform the mechanical vibrations of domestic washing machines into electrical energy. These devices have resonant structures with a T shape, which are formed by an array of multilayer beams and a ultraviolet (UV)-resin seismic mass. The first layer is a substrate of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the second and fourth layers are Al and Pt electrodes, and the third layer is piezoelectric material. Two different types of piezoelectric materials (ZnO and PZT-5A) are considered in the designs of PEH devices. The mechanical behavior of each PEH device is obtained using analytical models based on the Rayleigh–Ritz and Macaulay methods, as well as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. In addition, finite element method (FEM) models are developed to predict the electromechanical response of the PEH devices. The results of the mechanical behavior of these devices obtained with the analytical models agree well with those of the FEM models. The PEH devices of ZnO and PZT-5A can generate up to 1.97 and 1.35 µW with voltages of 545.32 and 45.10 mV, and load resistances of 151.12 and 1.5 kΩ, respectively. These PEH devices could supply power to internet of things (IoT) sensors of domestic washing machines.

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A Self-Adapting Synchronized-Switch Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester

Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Using a Pressure Fluctuation Energy Harvester

A Low-Profile Autonomous Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generators

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

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