A self-assembled nanoscale robotic arm controlled by electric fields

Kopperger, Enzo; List, Jonathan; Madhira, Sushi; Rothfischer, Florian; Lamb, Don C.; Simmel, Friedrich C.

doi:10.1126/science.aao4284

Cited by 343 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Thus, the full potential of self-assembled hierarchical cellulose materials is yet to be reached, as studying and understanding single particles at different length scales is paramount for rational material design. [17][18][19][20] In spite of its potential, precisely self-assembled cellulose nanostructures and materials are still to be realized, due to the lack of detailed understanding of the mechanisms ruling mesoscopic structures. [15][16][17] This has enabled the recent development of an impressive amount of DNA-based applications and technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils

et al. 2018

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Cellulose is a pervasive polymer, displaying hierarchical lengthscales and exceptional strength and stiffness. Cellulose's complex organization, however, also hinders the detailed understanding of the assembly, mesoscopic properties, and structure of individual cellulose building blocks. This study combines nanolithography with atomic force microscopy to unveil the properties and structure of single cellulose nanofibrils under weak geometrical confinement. By statistical analysis of the fibril morphology, it emerges that confinement induces both orientational ordering and self‐folding of the fibrils. Excluded volume simulations reveal that this effect does not arise from a fibril population bias applied by the confining slit, but rather that the fibril conformation itself changes under confinement, with self‐folding favoring fibril's free volume entropy. Moreover, a nonstochastics angular bending probability of the fibril kinks is measured, ruling out alternating amorphous–crystalline regions. These findings push forward the understanding of cellulose nanofibrils and may inspire the design of functional materials based on fibrous templates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils

et al. 2018

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“…Electric field directed robotic arm (Left). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, AAAS; real‐time magnetic actuation of DNA nanodevices via modular integration with stiff microlevers (Right).…”

Section: The Development Of Dna Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In parallel, as illustrated in Figure (right), many dynamic DNA nanodevices have been constructed in the last three decades . Early studies demonstrated the use of relatively small dynamic units, such as tweezers and switches.…”

Section: The Development Of Dna Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA origami‐based dynamic systems expand the dynamic range to ≈100 nm with higher design complexity. The driving force of the dynamic nanomachines usually arises from DNA hybridization, strand displacement, or external stimuli such as electricity, pH, light, magnetic field, etc. For example, Castro and co‐workers reported the construction of complicated and reversible DNA robots by implementing the design principles of macroscopic mechanical machines .…”

Section: The Development Of Dna Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Create Nanoscale Patterns with DNA Origami

Fan

Wang

Kenaan

et al. 2019

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Structural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology offers a robust platform for diverse nanoscale shapes that can be used in various applications. Among a wide variety of DNA assembly strategies, DNA origami is the most robust one in constructing custom nanoshapes and exquisite patterns. In this account, the static structural and functional patterns assembled on DNA origami are reviewed, as well as the reconfigurable assembled architectures regulated through dynamic DNA nanotechnology. The fast progress of dynamic DNA origami nanotechnology facilitates the construction of reconfigurable patterns, which can further be used in many applications such as optical/plasmonic sensors, nanophotonic devices, and nanorobotics for numerous different tasks.

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“…The stimuli and energy sources for the operation of such devices can be quite diverse, for instance, DNA strand displacement processes, binding of biomolecules through aptamers, environmental changes (e.g., changes in salt concentrations or physical stimuli such as temperature), or electric and magnetic fields . In many cases, “switchability” has been introduced by appropriate chemical modifications of the devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic Operation of a Dynamic DNA Origami Structure Utilizing the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Phase‐Transition of Stimulus‐Sensitive Polypeptides

Goetzfried

Vogele

Mückl

et al. 2019

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Dynamic DNA nanodevices are designed to perform structure‐encoded motion actuated by a variety of different physicochemical stimuli. In this context, hybrid devices utilizing other components than DNA have the potential to considerably expand the library of functionalities. Here, the reversible reconfiguration of a DNA origami structure using the stimulus sensitivity of elastin‐like polypeptides is reported. To this end, a rectangular sheet made using the DNA origami technique is functionalized with these peptides and by applying changes in salt concentration the hydrophilic–hydrophobic phase transition of these peptides actuate the folding of the structure. The on‐demand and reversible switching of the rectangle is driven by externally imposed temperature oscillations and appears at specific transition temperatures. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that the structure exhibits distinct conformational states with different occupation probabilities, which are dependent on structure‐intrinsic parameters such as the local number and the arrangement of the peptides on the rectangle. It is also shown through ensemble fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy that the transition temperature and thus the thermodynamics of the rectangle‐peptide system depends on the stimuli salt concentration and temperature, as well as on the intrinsic parameters.

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A self-assembled nanoscale robotic arm controlled by electric fields

Cited by 343 publications

References 62 publications

Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils

Confinement‐Induced Ordering and Self‐Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils

Create Nanoscale Patterns with DNA Origami

Periodic Operation of a Dynamic DNA Origami Structure Utilizing the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Phase‐Transition of Stimulus‐Sensitive Polypeptides

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