A self-contained hydroacoustic station with radio channel for acoustic measurements on the shelf

Borisov, S. V.; Kovzel, D. G.; Rutenko, A. N.; Ushchipovskii, V. G.

doi:10.1134/s0020441208050205

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Vessel and seismic survey sounds were recorded with 12 Autonomous Underwater Acoustic Recorders (AUARs) with a range of 2 to 15 000 Hz (Borisov et al 2008). Nine of these AUARs (denoted as AUARRs) were equipped with a digital radiotelemetric channel that provided real time acoustic data within the range of 2 to 2000 Hz with a potential dynamic range of 96 dB (Kovzel & Rutenko 2009).…”

Section: Acoustic Monitoring and Sound-level Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses of western gray whales to a 4-D seismic survey off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia

Gailey

Sychenko

McDonald³

et al. 2016

Endang. Species. Res.

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A seismic survey was conducted off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia in 2010. The survey area was adjacent to the only known near-shore feeding ground of the Critically Endangered population of western gray whales Eschrichtius robustus in the western Pacific south of the Aleutian Islands. This study examined the effectiveness of efforts to minimize the behavioural responses of the whales to vessel proximity and sound during the survey. Two shore-based behavioural observation teams monitored whale movements and respirations pre-, during and post-seismic survey. Theodolite tracking and focal-animal follow methods were used to collect behavioural data. Mixed linear models were used to examine deviations from 'normal' patterns in 10 movement and 7 respiration response variables in relation to vessel proximity, vessel/ whale relative orientations and 8 received sound metrics to examine if seismic survey sound and/or vessel activity influenced the whales' behaviour. Behavioural state and water depth were the best 'natural' predictors of whale movements and respiration. After considering natural variation, none of the response variables were significantly associated with seismic survey or vessel sounds. A whale's distance from shore and its orientation relative to the closest vessel were found to be significantly influenced by vessel proximity, which suggested some non-sound related disturbance. The lack of evidence that the whales responded to seismic survey sound and vessel traffic by changing either their movement or respiration patterns could indicate that the current mitigation strategy is effective. However, power analyses suggest that our sample sizes were too small to detect subtle to moderate changes in gray whale behaviour. Endang Species Res 30: 53-71, 2016 recovered and remains a small remnant of what it was in the 19 th century. Around 140 (CI: 134−146) non-calf individuals regularly occur off Sakhalin Island, Russia, with 36 reproductive females and an annual population rate of increase of 3.3% (Cooke et al. 2013), although issues regarding population structure remain (see IWC 2015). The western gray whale population is considered to be one of the most endangered baleen whale populations (Clapham & Baker 2002, Weller et al. 2002 and is currently listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN and Category I in the Red Book of Russia (Red Book of the Russian Federation 2000, Baillie et al. 2004).Human activities, particularly those related to oil and gas exploration and development, have been increasing in the past 15 yr off northeastern Sakhalin Island, on and near the only known major feeding area of this population of gray whales. To minimize the impacts of such activity on the whales, several mitigation and monitoring plans (MMP) have been implemented targeting specific activities, such as seismic surveys, platform installation, dredging and pipeline placement (Johnson et al. 2007, SEIC 2005, 2006. Despite efforts to reduce overall sound exposure levels, responses by the whales wer...

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Section: Acoustic Monitoring and Sound-level Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses of western gray whales to a 4-D seismic survey off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia

Gailey

Sychenko

McDonald³

et al. 2016

Endang. Species. Res.

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“…Filtering within the hydrophone preamplifier gives a response in the frequency band from 10 to 15,000 Hz of approximately 63 dB re 1 μV/Pa, while the response at 2 Hz is more than 40 dB lower. This response, at the natural sensitivity of the hydrophone ceramics of 1 mV/Pa, provides the dynamic range required for making acoustic measurements in the presence of flow and swell noise (Borisov et al, 2008 ). The preamplifier of the GI-50 hydrophone and the 24-bit delta-sigma ADC used in the AUARs yield an instantaneous dynamic range of more than 120 dB for a 1-Hz tonal signal (Rutenko et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Rutenko

Zykov²,

Gritsenko

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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During the summer of 2015, four 4D seismic surveys were conducted on the northeastern Sakhalin shelf near the feeding grounds of the Korean-Okhotsk (western) gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) population. In addition to the seismic surveys, onshore pile driving activities and vessel operations occurred. Forty autonomous underwater acoustic recorders provided data in the 2 Hz to15 kHz frequency band. Recordings were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of impulses propagating from the seismic sources. Acoustic metrics analyzed comprised peak sound pressure level (PK), mean square sound pressure level (SPL), sound exposure level (SEL), T100%, T90% (the time intervals that contain the full and 90% of the energy of the impulse), and kurtosis. The impulses analyzed differed significantly due to the variability and complexity of propagation in the shallow water of the northeast Sakhalin shelf. At larger ranges, a seismic precursor propagated in the seabed ahead of the acoustic impulse, and the impulses often interfered with each other, complicating analyses. Additional processing of recordings allowed evaluation and documentation of relevant metrics for pile driving, vessel sounds, and ambient background levels. The computed metrics were used to calibrate acoustic models, generating time resolved estimates of the acoustic levels from seismic surveys, pile driving, and vessel operations on a gray whale distribution grid and along observed gray whale tracks. This paper describes the development of the metrics and the calibrated acoustic models, both of which will be used in work quantifying gray whale behavioral and distribution responses to underwater sounds and to determine whether these observed responses have the potential to impact important parameters at the population level (e.g., reproductive success).

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“…The main measurement recording device is the AUAR, which, using a 16 bit analog to digital converter, ensures conversion of analog voltage from the hydrophones' output into digital code written to the hard disk of an onboard computer [6]. The power supply from the AUAR batteries ensures continuous measurements over the course of 26 days.…”

Section: Equipment Physical Termini and Notationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the acoustic field of seismic survey pulses in the near-coastal zone

et al. 2012

Self Cite

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The paper describes monitoring of seismic survey parameters conducted during 4 D seismic sur veying at the Pil'tun-Astokh hydrocarbon deposit on the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island at the bound ary of the near coastal Pil'tun gray whale feeding area. Acoustic measurements were performed in the fre quency range of 2-15000 Hz using 12 autonomous underwater acoustic recorders, of which three were deployed at the 10 m isobath and nine were equipped with digital radiotelemetry channels and deployed at the 20 m isobath along a line extending 20 km. In real time, the shore based radio receiver station received over the digital radiotelemetry channels acoustic data from nine observation points, measured in the fre quency range of 2-2000 Hz. The influence of the hydrology and bathymetry on the seismic survey pulse prop agation to the near coastal zone is studied experimentally and theoretically.

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A self-contained hydroacoustic station with radio channel for acoustic measurements on the shelf

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Behavioural responses of western gray whales to a 4-D seismic survey off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia

Behavioural responses of western gray whales to a 4-D seismic survey off northeastern Sakhalin Island, Russia

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Monitoring the acoustic field of seismic survey pulses in the near-coastal zone

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