“…LA causes bacterial death by disrupting the synthesis of membrane proteins and interfering with bacterial metabolism. [
33 ] On the other hand, GA possesses a pyrogallol group, which can efficiently kill bacteria by rupturing their cell membranes, interfering with their metabolism, and preventing the creation of their DNA. [
16,34 ] Moreover, the positively charged
of PL is capable of interacting with the negatively charged surface of bacterial cell membranes, further enhancing the antibacterial effect of the system.…”