“…In the field of biomedicine, photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have expanded the frontier of biological diagnosis with their unique capabilities, which combine photochemical and biosensing technologies to detect and monitor biological events at the microbial, biomolecular, or cellular level. − Traditionally, photoelectrochemical biosensors have been employed to detect target analytes by utilizing interface reactions involving photoinduced electrons or excited species and biorecognition events. − These interface reactions, including charge transfer, chemical reactions, and immune reactions, facilitate signal transduction for the detection of target analytes. − The synergistic integration of these interface reactions with biosensing principles offers photoelectrochemical biosensors significant advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time monitoring. − Therefore, efficient use of a sensitive interface is the key to achieving high sensitivity detection. The split-type sensing strategy enhances the separation and electron transfer processes of photogenerated carriers significantly by exposing the active sites of semiconductor heterostructure materials to the electrolyte solution. , In this process, the exposed active sites provide an opportunity for signal amplification.…”