A Self‐Serviced‐Track 3D DNA Walker for Ultrasensitive Detection of Tumor Exosomes by Glycoprotein Profiling

Abstract

Sensitive and accurate analysis of low‐concentration of tumor‐derived exosomes (Exos) in biofluids is essential for noninvasive cancer diagnosis but is still challenging due to the lack of high‐sensitive methods with low‐cost and easy‐operation. Herein, exploiting target Exos as a three‐dimensional (3D) track for the first time, we developed a self‐serviced‐track DNA walker (STDW) for wash‐free detection of tumor Exos using exosomal glycoprotein, which was enabled by split aptamer‐recognition‐initiated autonomous running powered by a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). Benefiting from high selectivity and sensitivity of the STDW assay, direct detection of tumor Exos in cell culture medium and serum could also be realized. Furthermore, this method exhibited high accuracy in clinical sample analysis, offering the potential for early cancer diagnosis and postoperative response prediction.

Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on 2D Co3O4 Nanosheets as a Coreaction Accelerator and Highly Ordered Rolling DNA Nanomachine as a Signal Amplifier for the Detection of MicroRNA

“…Currently, a variety of DNA nanomachines have been designed as a target signal amplifier to fabricate biosensors for enhancing the detection sensitivity of biomolecules. − Compared with one-dimensional (1D) DNA nanomachines and two-dimensional (2D) DNA nanomachines, three-dimensional (3D) , DNA nanomachines exhibit excellent DNA loading capacity and satisfactory amplification behaviors. Recently, a number of 3D DNA nanomachines that assembled on the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been used as a signal amplifier to construct biosensors. − However, the sensitivity of those biosensors was restricted because of their low local concentration and slow movement efficiency.…”

Pushing Forward the DNA Walkers in Connection with Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

“…Moreover, Wang et al used target exosomes as a 3D platform to build a self-serviced-track DNA walker (STDW) for the wash-free detection of tumor exosomes. 74 This detection method relied on the utilization of exosomal glycoprotein and was made possible by the implementation of split aptamer-recognition-initiated autonomous running. As illustrated in Figure 7E , the hairpin H1 and H2 are anchored to the exosome surface via cholesterol-lipid interactions.…”

Recent Advances in Detection for Breast-Cancer-Derived Exosomes

“…In the past research on exosome detection, researchers focused on optimizing several traditional detection methods, such as western blotting [ 50 ], tracking and analysis of nanoparticles (NTA) [ 51 ], flow cytometry [ 52 ] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 53 ], etc. However, the abundance of tumor exosomes in biological fluids is very low, and their signals are easily hidden by heterogeneous exosomes [ 54 ]. Moreover, the traditional detection methods have some disadvantages, such as a large amount of samples, expensive instruments, low sensitivity, and so on.…”