A self-sustaining micro thermomechanic-pyroelectric generator

Ravindran, S. K. T.; Huesgen, Till; Kroener, Michael; Woias, Peter

doi:10.1063/1.3633350

Cited by 67 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is limited, however, by the thermoelectromechanical stress that the sample can physically withstand. Attempts have been made to use the pyroelectric effect to produce electricity from relatively small temperature oscillations without using the Olsen cycle [25][26][27]39]. Lee et al [34] compared these pyroelectric energy generation methods and demonstrated that performing the Olsen cycle enables one to generate significantly more power than by simply using the pyroelectric effect, regardless of the heating and cooling methods considered.…”

Section: Olsen Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroelectric energy conversion using PLZT ceramics and the ferroelectric–ergodic relaxor phase transition

Lee¹,

Jo²,

Lynch³

et al. 2013

Smart Mater. Struct.

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This paper is concerned with direct conversion of waste heat into electricity by executing the Olsen cycle on lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics undergoing a relaxor-ferroelectric phase transition. The Olsen cycle consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes. First, the temperature-dependent dielectric properties were measured for x/65/35 PLZT. The polarization transition temperature of x/65/35 PLZT was found to decrease from 240 to 10 • C as x increased from 5 to 10 mol%. This suggests that the different compositions should be operated over different temperature ranges for maximum thermal to electrical energy conversion. The energy and power densities generated by the Olsen cycle using x/65/35 PLZT samples were measured by successively dipping the samples in isothermal dielectric oil baths. Large energy and power densities were obtained when the samples underwent the ergodic relaxor-ferroelectric phase transition. A maximum energy density of 1014 J l −1 per cycle was obtained with a 190 µm thick 7/65/35 PLZT sample cycled at 0.026 Hz between 30 and 200 • C and between 0.2 and 7.0 MV m −1 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest pyroelectric energy density ever demonstrated experimentally with ceramics, single crystals, or polymers. A maximum power density of 48 W l −1 was achieved using a 200 µm thick 6/65/35 PLZT sample for temperatures between 40 and 210 • C and electric fields between 0 and 8.5 MV m −1 at a frequency of 0.060 Hz. The maximum applied electric field and temperature swings of these materials were physically limited by dielectric breakdown and thermomechanical stress.

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Section: Olsen Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroelectric energy conversion using PLZT ceramics and the ferroelectric–ergodic relaxor phase transition

Lee¹,

Jo²,

Lynch³

et al. 2013

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…Many pyroelectric materials are stable up to a very high temperature (~1200°C), which provides an advantage over thermoelectrics for harvesting energy form high-temperature sources. Furthermore, recent methods have been introduced to convert stationary spatial gradients to transient temperature gradients [17], which facilitates development of hybrid energy harvesters based on both thermoelectric and pyroelectric effects or radiation and pyroelectric effect [18]. In addition, devices based on pyroelectric energy harvesting require low or no maintenance since unlike piezoelectric energy harvesting devices, they do not include any moving parts.…”

Section: Introduction 1demand For Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano/microscale pyroelectric energy harvesting: challenges and opportunities

Lingam

Parikh

Huang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

100

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With the ever-growing demand for renewable energy sources, energy harvesting from natural resources has gained much attention. Energy sources such as heat and mechanical motion could be easily harvested based on pyroelectric, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric effects. The energy harvested from otherwise wasted energy in the environment can be utilized in self-powered micro and nano devices, and wearable electronics, which required only µW-mW power. This article reviews pyroelectric energy harvesting with an emphasis on recent developments in pyroelectric energy harvesting and devices at micro/nanoscale. Recent developments are presented and future challenges and opportunities for more efficient materials and devices with higher energy conversion efficiency are also discussed.

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“…Under a delta temperature, a thermoelectric generator converts lost energy from heat to electricity form [21]. Pyroelectricity follows the same principle but at higher delta temperature [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the feasibility of energy harvesting with thermoelectric generators on petascale and exascale systems

Raïs

Lefèvre

Orgerie

et al. 2016

2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing &Amp; Simulation (HPCS)

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The heat induced by computing resources is generally a waste of energy in supercomputers. This is especially true in very large scale supercomputers, where the produced heat has to be compensated with expensive and energy consuming cooling systems. Energy is a critical point for future supercomputing trends that currently try to achieve exascale, without having its energy consumption reaching an important fraction of a nuclear power plant. Thus, new ways of generating or recovering energy have to be explored. Energy harvesting consists in recovering wasted energy. ThermoElectric Generators (TEGs) aim to recover energy by converting wasted dissipated energy into usable electricity. By combining computing units (CU) and TEGs at very large scale, we spotted a potential way to recover energy from wasted heat generated by computations on supercomputers. In this paper, we study the potential gains in combining TEGs with computational units at petascale and exascale. We present the technology behind TEGs, the study of a typical supercomputer environment, and finally our results concerning binding TEGs and computational units in a petascale and exascale system. With the available technology, we demonstrate that the use of TEGs in a supercomputer environment could be realistic and quickly profitable, and hence have a positive environmental impact.

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A self-sustaining micro thermomechanic-pyroelectric generator

Cited by 67 publications

References 9 publications

Pyroelectric energy conversion using PLZT ceramics and the ferroelectric–ergodic relaxor phase transition

Pyroelectric energy conversion using PLZT ceramics and the ferroelectric–ergodic relaxor phase transition

Nano/microscale pyroelectric energy harvesting: challenges and opportunities

An analysis of the feasibility of energy harvesting with thermoelectric generators on petascale and exascale systems

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