A semi‐automatic solid phase extraction system based on MIL‐101(Cr) foam‐filled syringe for detection of triazines in vegetable oils

Abstract

In this study, several metal-organic framework-melamine foam columns were first developed and used as a laboratory-made semi-automatic solid phase extraction packed in syringe adsorber for the extraction of six triazine herbicides from vegetable oil samples coupled to high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. The metal-organic framework-foam columns were prepared using a simple approach by embedding the solid particles in melamine foam using polyvinylidene difluoride physical encapsulation. The method was applicable to a wide variety of metal-organic framework materials, and the incorporated materials retained their unique properties. Key factors that affect the extraction efficiency, including the MIL-101(Cr) amount, sample flow rate, type and volume of the eluting solvent, and flow rate of eluting solvent, were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited low limits of detection (0.017-0.096 ng/mL, S/N = 3) for six triazines. The relative standard deviations calculated for all herbicides ranged from 0.2 to 14.9%. This study demonstrated that the MIL-101(Cr)-foam column can be used as a high-quality adsorption material for the detection of triazines in vegetable oils.

Trace determination of triazine herbicides in fruit and vegetables using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet

“…The 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis of DES structure was performed by Bruker SP-400 Avance spectrometer. Analysis of thermogravimetric (TGA) was done on the DES and its components using TGA (Mettler Toledo Instrument Model TGA/SDTA 851 e, Switzerland)) purged with N 2 , at the temperature range of 50-600 • C with a heating rate of 10 • C min −1 .…”

“…However, due to the very low amounts of triazines in fruits and vegetables, as well as the complexity of the matrix, sample preparation, and preconcentration step is necessary before analysis. SPE [13], liquid-liquid extraction [14], SPME [15], and liquid phase microextraction (LPME) [16][17][18] techniques are most used in the extraction and preconcentration of triazine herbicides. These days, LPME has received more attention due to its simplicity, low cost, high preconcentration factor, and environmental friendliness.…”

Microsampling with a Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridge: Storage and Online Mass Spectrometry Analysis

“…These focused on enabling (1) effective online, on-site analysis of cosmetics in organic solvents 27 and (2) analysis of pesticides in vegetable oils by enabling direct injection onto a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, followed by MS analysis. 28 Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, our syringe-based SPE-ESI-MS platform represents the first attempt to adapt SPE cartridges for biofluid sampling, storage, shipment, and direct analysis. That is, unlike the syringe approaches described above, our approach shows extraordinary stability for biofluids stored at room temperature, something that is not available in any other microsampling platform.…”

“…RapidFire provides high-throughput MS analysis of the SPE cartridge with high sensitivity. , However, obvious advantages such as the flexibility to customize our method for any type of analysis, including routine laboratory experiments and remote sampling, followed by analysis at a later time provide some important additional benefits. In the course of our studies, particularly during the year-long stability studies, two reports , have appeared in the literature that utilized syringes packed with sorbents for extraction and MS analysis. These focused on enabling (1) effective online, on-site analysis of cosmetics in organic solvents and (2) analysis of pesticides in vegetable oils by enabling direct injection onto a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, followed by MS analysis .…”

“…In the course of our studies, particularly during the year-long stability studies, two reports , have appeared in the literature that utilized syringes packed with sorbents for extraction and MS analysis. These focused on enabling (1) effective online, on-site analysis of cosmetics in organic solvents and (2) analysis of pesticides in vegetable oils by enabling direct injection onto a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, followed by MS analysis . Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, our syringe-based SPE-ESI-MS platform represents the first attempt to adapt SPE cartridges for biofluid sampling, storage, shipment, and direct analysis.…”