“…In the following sections, each of these categories is explained through examples, wherever possible. It should be noted that most of the problems of real-world are a combination of one or more of these categories, as can be seen in the literature survey and summarized in Table 1 below Lumped parameter models (LPMs) [12], [16], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [43], [56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [22], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [64], [68], [69], [59], [60], [70], [68], [71], [66], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76] Residual modeling (RM) [30], [18], [20], [77], [78], [79], [34], [35], [33], [80], [81], …”