A sensitive and accurate vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for urinary triazoles

The epoxiconazole and tebuconazole fungicides impair granulosa cells functions partly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling with contrasted effects in obese, normo-weight and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients

“…First, we used a large range of triazoles concentrations on KGN cells (until 10 mM) and according to results, we focused on concentrations below 100 µM for hGCs. This last concentration corresponding to 3333 times the Epox urinary concentration [39] and 14 285 times the Tb hair concentration [51] found in farm workers using these fungicides. The dilutions were prepared with Mc Coy medium containing FBS (10%) for hGCs or DMEM containing FBS (10%) for KGN.…”

“…In mammals, CYP51 converts lanosterol into follicular fluid meiosis-activating-sterols (FF-MAS), a precursor of cholesterol, essential for the biosynthesis of sexual steroid like estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and progesterone (Pg) by the ovarian granulosa cells in females ( [70] ). Residues of Epox (minimum value of 10.38 µg/L of urine) [39] and Tb (2.22 µg/kg of hair’s workers in agriculture field) [51] were found in Human. It has been shown that 98% of Tb are absorbed within 48 h in mammals and are distributed into liver and kidneys tissues without potential of accumulation [24] , [27] .…”

Dissipation, residues analysis and risk assessment of metconazole in grapes under field conditions using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…In recent years, various methods of analysis, including high-performance liquid chromatography (He et al, 2017), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Arthur et al, 2015), vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/ MS) (Machado et al, 2019), and liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (Barganska et al, 2018), have been reported for the measurement of MEZ in soil, flour, pollens, urine, honey and honeybee. GC-MS/MS is a powerful technique for determining pesticide residues because of its robustness, outstanding sensitivity and selectivity (Hernandez et al, 2013).…”

Ultrasound-assisted switchable hydrophilic solvent-based homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of triazole fungicides in environmental water by GC-MS

“…It has the characteristics of convenient phase separation, but the synthesis is complicated and the recovery rate is low. Liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) 13,14 uses a trace amount of extractant for enrichment, but the phase separation is not easy.…”