“…The âspaceâtime coupling ARLCS strategyâ was first proposed to account for the synthesis of CdSe QDs in S. cerevisiae in 2009 [ 5 , 8 , 26 , 28 , 39 , 40 ], and it has been expanded to the synthesis of various nanocrystals, such as CdTe, ZnSe, CuSe and Te nanorods, in other cell types including Staphylococcus aureus [ 41 â 43 ], Fusarium oxysporum [ 44 ], E. coli [ 45 ], S. oneidensis [ 11 , 15 , 46 ], Bacillus licheniformis [ 47 ], B acillus amyloliquefaciens [ 48 ], Rhodotorula mucilaginosa [ 49 ], Candida utilis [ 50 ], mammalian cells [ 51 ], Tetrahymena pyriformis [ 52 , 53 ], Caenorhabditis elegans [ 54 ] and earthworms [ 38 , 55 ], by easily altering the raw chemicals fed to the cells (Fig. 1 ).…”