“…According to the formula LOD= 3.3 (Sy/S), the standard deviation and the calibration curve's slope of the output curve from the calculation, respectively, were used to determine the LOD (31,(47)(48)(49). Additionally, the calibration curve's slope and the standard deviation of the output were used to calculate the LOQ, which was calculated using the formula: LOQ= 10(Sy/ S) (31,47,50,51). Displays statistical calculations for each combination across various samples, with an RSD of less than 20%, these results also satisfy US EPA quality control requirements (52,53).…”