“…Adding magnesite is in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the passive film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The impedance value of magnesite as an inhibitor for titanium alloy enlarged with immersion time due to magnesite dissolution and precipitation as a carbonate in water, as well as thickening of the passive TiO 2 coating on the alloy surface 4 , 24 – 26 . Figure 5 Nyquist plots of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in pure water containing 3% magnesite as a function of immersion time.…”
The mechanism of interaction between magnesite mineral and phosphoric acid (0.001–0.5 M) in addition to the determination of the protective properties for Ti alloy (working electrode) in phosphoric acid both with and without an inhibitor have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Results of electrochemical tests show that the corrosion resistance of titanium alloy in phosphoric acid solution only increased and hydrogen production decreased by either decreasing acid concentration or increasing immersion time associated with the thickening of the oxide film formed on the alloy surface. On adding magnesite, the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy is enhanced by increasing the phosphoric acid concentration (0.001–0.5 M) due to the formation of sparingly soluble magnesium phosphate film on the alloy surface that inhibits the effect of increasing hydrogen evolution reaction due to the pH value decreases. The increasing adsorption behavior of the magnesite inhibitor and decreasing its diffusion were deduced from EIS measurements. Thus, the addition of 3% magnesite minimizes the corrosion by forming a new protective film (Mg3(PO4)2), which differs from the traditional passive film and prevents the effect of the increase of hydrogen evolution. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the tested alloy were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and In situ Raman spectroscopy.
“…Adding magnesite is in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the passive film formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The impedance value of magnesite as an inhibitor for titanium alloy enlarged with immersion time due to magnesite dissolution and precipitation as a carbonate in water, as well as thickening of the passive TiO 2 coating on the alloy surface 4 , 24 – 26 . Figure 5 Nyquist plots of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in pure water containing 3% magnesite as a function of immersion time.…”
The mechanism of interaction between magnesite mineral and phosphoric acid (0.001–0.5 M) in addition to the determination of the protective properties for Ti alloy (working electrode) in phosphoric acid both with and without an inhibitor have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Results of electrochemical tests show that the corrosion resistance of titanium alloy in phosphoric acid solution only increased and hydrogen production decreased by either decreasing acid concentration or increasing immersion time associated with the thickening of the oxide film formed on the alloy surface. On adding magnesite, the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy is enhanced by increasing the phosphoric acid concentration (0.001–0.5 M) due to the formation of sparingly soluble magnesium phosphate film on the alloy surface that inhibits the effect of increasing hydrogen evolution reaction due to the pH value decreases. The increasing adsorption behavior of the magnesite inhibitor and decreasing its diffusion were deduced from EIS measurements. Thus, the addition of 3% magnesite minimizes the corrosion by forming a new protective film (Mg3(PO4)2), which differs from the traditional passive film and prevents the effect of the increase of hydrogen evolution. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the tested alloy were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and In situ Raman spectroscopy.
“…One of the most notable applications of drug-eluting implants in bone tissue engineering is the prevention of associated infections with dental implants and orthopedic implants [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The majority of metal-based drug delivery involves embedding drugs into polymeric or ceramic coatings applied to metallic implants [ 31 ].…”
Over the past decade, metallic drug-eluting implants have gained significance in orthopedic and dental applications for controlled drug release, specifically for preventing infection associated with implants. Recent studies showed that metallic implants loaded with drugs were substituted for conventional bare metal implants to achieve sustained and controlled drug release, resulting in a desired local therapeutic concentration. A number of secondary features can be provided by the incorporated active molecules, including the promotion of osteoconduction and angiogenesis, the inhibition of bacterial invasion, and the modulation of host body reaction. This paper reviews recent trends in the development of the metallic drug-eluting implants with various drug delivery systems in the past three years. There are various types of drug-eluting implants that have been developed to meet this purpose, depending on the drug or agents that have been loaded on them. These include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics agents, growth factors, and anti-resorptive drugs.
“…Type AISI 316L stainless steel (316L SS), austenitic stainless steel, has been applied for orthopedic implants to provide temporary support on healing process or disease tissues; due to its biocompatibility and corrosion-resistant characteristics in the body; as well as its low cost and suitable mechanical characteristics [3,4]. It is well known that the corrosion resistance of the 316L SS in the body environment is related to the presence of thin protective chromium-enriched oxide film.…”
The AISI 316L stainless steel (316L SS) is commonly used in the orthopedic prosthesis field due to its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. However, due to its high density and low wear resistance during sliding-contact operations, it may cause an allergic reaction due to the release of toxic ions and wear particles liberated during the sliding-contact operations. The modification of this class of metallic implants' surface characteristics represents the most common solution to change the surface's properties of the metal substrate, especially to improve the surface's mechanical and tribological behavior. DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS) is a suitable technique to deposit a layer with special characteristics due to its high control of deposition parameters, improving the film quality control. On the other hand, the binary (MN) and ternary (MXN) transition nitride coatings have shown promising results, especially the titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), and zirconium (Zr) nitride films, showing a high wear and corrosion resistance in mono-and multilayer arrangement. This technique can control the deposition time and temperature, working pressure, substrate rotation, the flux of gases, and the distance between the substrate and targets that modify the coating characteristics. This work presents the tribological analysis of the tantalum-zirconium-nitride/tantalumzirconium (TaZrN/TaZr) multilayer coatings sliding-contact operations. Films with 7 and 11 layers were produced using DCMS, controlling the number and thickness of the layers' coating (LC) with the nitrogen injection to the work chamber. The films presented similar structures and chemical compositions. Similarly, the elastic modulus of both films was similar, but the 7LC coating exhibited a high harness (20 ± 0.6) than the 11LC film (17.2 ± 0.4). The variation of mechanical properties was reflected in the plastic deformation resistance (H3/E*2) and the elastic strain to the failure (H/E) ratios. Reciprocating sliding-contact tests carried out the tribological tests at applied loads of 0.5, 1, and 2N at dry conditions, employing an alumina (Al2O3) ball as a counter-body. The 7LC coating presented a higher coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear rate than 11LC film at 0.5N and 1N, but at 2N, the 11CL film was detached from the surface, increasing the wear rate value. On both films, the wear tracks presented a high material transference that produces a protected layer of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), as was observed in the Raman spectra.
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