A Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Codeine at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Babaei, Ali; Dehdashti, Aliyeh; Afrasiabi, Mohammad; Babazadeh, Mitra; Farshbaf, Mojtaba; Bamdad, Farzad

doi:10.1166/sl.2012.2577

Cited by 29 publications

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“…Other electroanalytical procedures for the simultaneous determination of PCT and COD have been reported in the literature, and are presented in Table 1. Comparing the different parameters of analytical performance, in this proposed method, the obtained concentration range, LOD , was significantly lower than those reported using aluminum electrodes modified with palladium films as electrochemical sensors 42, 43 and similar to those obtained using GCE modified with carbon nanotubes 40. Afkhami et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

2015

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[a] 1Introduction Nanotechnology is one of the most promising and innovative fields of scientific knowledge [1,2].T aking into account the need to developm ore sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors,t he interest arises from the use of chemically modified electrodes with hybrid nanomaterials,s uch as nanoparticles and carbonaceousm aterials, which may produce synergistic effects,p romoting an improvement in the sensor properties when compared with the sensors by usingasingle material [3,4].Thec arbon black (CB)i sa ni nteresting nanostructured material that has been the target of increasing interesti n electrochemical studies,d ue to its attractivee lectrochemical properties:h igh conductivity,c hemical stability,l arge specific surfacea rea, ability to produce stable dispersion withoutt he need for sophisticated procedures,a nd the fact that it is an extremely cheap material [5][6][7][8][9].F urthermore,t he incorporation of other materials in the CB can improve their properties,i ncreasing the sensitivity and improving the electron transfer between the electroactive speciesa nd the electrode.S everal metal nanoparticles, such as gold [10][11][12][13] Then ickel oxiden anoparticles (NiONPs)a re an important nanomaterial due to the specific chemical, surface and microstructural properties [28].N evertheless,f ew analyticalm ethods using NiONPs-modified electrodes have been described in the literaturef or different analytes [29][30][31][32].B atchelor-McAuley et al. [29] immobilizedN iONPs on ag raphite electrode and applied this for the determination of aspirin. NiONPs-modified GCE also was used to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of amino acids [31]a nd glutathione [32].R ecently,F igueiredoFilho et al. have applied an electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and NiONPs for the simultaneous determination of catecholamine neurotransmitters [30].As far as we could ascertain, NiONPsÀCB-modified electrodes have not been reported. Thus,t his attractive work has encouraged us to investigate the use of glassy carbon electrodes modified with NiONPs and CB for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol( PCT) and codeine (COD).PCT (also knowna sa cetaminophen) is an on-steroidal analgesict hat is widely used for the relief of minor pain and fever [33,34].C OD is an opioid derived from morphine;i ti sc ommonly utilized in combination with other drugs,s uch as aspirin and PCT,b ecause it is difficult to achieve effective moderate to severe pain controlu sing an analgesic alone.T he combination of these drugso ffers effective analgesia at reduced doses of individual agents, which may reduce the severity of the relatedd ose [35][36][37][38].T hus,i ti sn ecessary to develop analytical methods for PCT and COD for the quality control of pharmaceuticals,p hysiological function and diagnosis in clinical mediAbstract:I nt his work, as imple and highlys electivev oltammetric methodw as developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCT)a nd codeine (COD) in pharmaceuticals and human body fluid...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

2015

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“…To our knowledge there are a few reports on the simultaneous electrochemical determination of COD and AC [37]. In this work, we attempt to fabricate a TiO 2 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (TiO 2 NP-MCPE) for study the voltammetric oxidation behavior of COD using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a New Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO₂ Nanoparticles to Use in an Electrochemical Study of Codeine and Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Acetaminophen in Human Plasma Serum Samples

Mashhadizadeh

Rasouli

2014

Electroanalysis

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A new electrochemical sensor was fabricated via TiO2 nanoparticles onto a carbon paste electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studied the response of the modified electrode toward codeine. The effects of pH, modifier amount, pulse amplitude, and scan rate of potential have been examined. Using DPV, we could measure simultaneously codeine and acetaminophen in one mixture. The detection limits of 0.018 and 0.050 µmol L−1 were achieved for codeine and acetaminophen, respectively. The electrooxidation pathway, transfer coefficient, and standard rate constant, are estimated. The proposed voltammetric sensor was successfully applied to determination of codeine and acetaminophen in human plasma serum samples.

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“…Electro-analytical methods for COD are scarce. A sensor was reported [ 109 ] for the determination of COD at MWCNT/GCE. Simultaneous determination of COD was carried out with paracetamol.…”

Section: Electrochemical Detection Of Drugs and Neurotransmitters Basmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of neurological drugs and neurotransmitters

et al. 2014

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Nanomaterial-modified detection systems represent a chief driver towards the adoption of electrochemical methods, since nanomaterials enable functional tunability, ability to self-assemble, and novel electrical, optical and catalytic properties that emerge at this scale. This results in tremendous gains in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and versatility. We review the electrochemical methods and mechanisms that may be applied to the detection of neurological drugs. We focus on understanding how specific nano-sized modifiers may be applied to influence the electron transfer event to result in gains in sensitivity, selectivity and versatility of the detection system. This critical review is structured on the basis of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, specifically ATC Code N (neurotransmitters). Specific sections are dedicated to the widely used electrodes based on the carbon materials, supporting electrolytes, and on electrochemical detection paradigms for neurological drugs and neurotransmitters within the groups referred to as ATC codes N01 to N07. We finally discuss emerging trends and future challenges such as the development of strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple targets with high spatial and temporal resolutions, the integration of microfluidic strategies for selective and localized analyte pre-concentration, the real-time monitoring of neurotransmitter secretions from active cell cultures under electro- and chemotactic cues, aptamer-based biosensors, and the miniaturization of the sensing system for detection in small sample volumes and for enabling cost savings due to manufacturing scale-up. The Electronic Supporting Material (ESM) includes review articles dealing with the review topic in last 40 years, as well as key properties of the analytes, viz., pKa values, half-life of drugs and their electrochemical mechanisms. The ESM also defines analytical figures of merit of the drugs and neurotransmitters. The article contains 198 references in the main manuscript and 207 references in the Electronic Supporting Material.FigureᅟElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00604-014-1308-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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A Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Codeine at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 29 publications

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An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

Design of a New Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO₂ Nanoparticles to Use in an Electrochemical Study of Codeine and Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Acetaminophen in Human Plasma Serum Samples

Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of neurological drugs and neurotransmitters

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A Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Codeine at Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 29 publications

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An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Codeine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Carbon Black

Design of a New Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO2 Nanoparticles to Use in an Electrochemical Study of Codeine and Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Acetaminophen in Human Plasma Serum Samples

Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of neurological drugs and neurotransmitters

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Design of a New Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with TiO₂ Nanoparticles to Use in an Electrochemical Study of Codeine and Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Acetaminophen in Human Plasma Serum Samples