“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the most applicable and widely used energy-constrained wireless networks. WSNs have numerous usages in the real world such as checking the vital signs of the patients in the body area networks in medical applications, 1,2 monitoring the movements of enemy soldiers in battlefields in military applications, 3,4 examining earth signals for detecting earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, geographical, and biological applications, 5,6 and sensing the sound, pressure, temperature, and motion in engineering applications. 7,8 WSNs are invented by integrating the latest technological advances in networking, micro-electronics circuits, and communications concepts.…”