A sensor to monitor limb depth in transtibial sockets with locking pin suspension: a technical note

Bennett, Sam; Gurrey, Clement J; Wang, Horace; Weissinger, Mathew; Larsen, Brian G.; Sanders, Joan E.

doi:10.1097/pxr.0000000000000025

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the vertical position of the limb in the socket was expected to be meaningful to socket fit, an additional sensor was used to record the depth of the locking pin in the shuttle lock at the bottom of the socket. The sensing element was a wire coil wrapped around a former and embedded in epoxy 56 . The locking pin extending from the bottom of the elastomeric liner passed through the center of the coil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive prosthetic socket for people with transtibial amputation

Sanders,

Vamos,

Mertens

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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It is essential that people with limb amputation maintain proper prosthetic socket fit to prevent injury. Monitoring and adjusting socket fit, for example by removing the prosthesis to add prosthetic socks, is burdensome and can adversely affect users’ function and quality-of-life. This study presents results from take-home testing of a motor-driven adaptive socket that automatically adjusted socket size during walking. A socket fit metric was calculated from inductive sensor measurements of the distance between the elastomeric liner surrounding the residual limb and the socket’s inner surface. A proportional-integral controller was implemented to adjust socket size. When tested on 12 participants with transtibial amputation, the controller was active a mean of 68% of the walking time. In general, participants who walked more than 20 min/day demonstrated greater activity, less doff time, and fewer manual socket size adjustments for the adaptive socket compared with a locked non-adjustable socket and a motor-driven socket that participants adjusted with a smartphone application. Nine of 12 participants reported that they would use a motor-driven adjustable socket if it were available as it would limit their socket fit issues. The size and weight of the adaptive socket were considered the most important variables to improve.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive prosthetic socket for people with transtibial amputation

Sanders,

Vamos,

Mertens

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…A sensor that measured the depth of the locking pin within the shuttle lock, developed in our prior work ( 8 ), was re-designed to incorporate springs into a platform that supported the locking pin. This addition allowed the sensor's measurement of pin position to be converted to measurement of applied force by multiplying by the stiffness of the springs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal weight bearing in transtibial prosthesis users wearing pin suspension

Krout,

Weissinger,

Mertens

et al. 2023

Front. Rehabil. Sci.

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IntroductionLow-level distal weight bearing in transtibial prosthesis users may help maintain perfusion and improve both proprioception and residual limb tissue health.MethodsThe primary objectives of this research were to develop a sensor to continuously measure distal weight bearing, evaluate how prosthesis design variables affected weight bearing levels, and assess fluctuations in distal weight bearing during at-home and community use.ResultsIn-lab testing on a small group of participants wearing adjustable sockets demonstrated that if distal contact was present, when socket size was increased distal weight bearing increased and when socket size was reduced distal weight bearing decreased. During take-home use, participants accepted the distal weight bearing level set by the research team. It ranged between 1.1% and 6.4% BW for all days tested. The coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) ranged from 25% to 43% and was expected due in part to differences in walking style, speed, terrain, direction of ambulation, and bout duration. Two participants commented that they preferred presence of distal weight bearing to non-presence.DiscussionNext steps in this research are to develop clinical practices to determine target distal weight bearing levels and ranges, and to simplify the design of the sensor and weight bearing adjustment mechanism for clinical use.

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“…Because of their high sensitivity, inductive sensors are frequently used to measure small changes such as displacement and strain and are often integrated into an inductor-capacitor circuit ( Chen et al, 2014b ; Burton et al, 2021 ). Bennett et al (2021) developed a sensor to detect the depth of a locking pin in the shuttle lock of a transtibial socket and to monitor the small motions between ratchet clicks during ambulation. The sensor demonstrated a root mean square error of 0.21% of the full-scale output and it is sufficiently accurate.…”

Section: Sensor Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of impantable sensors in the musculoskeletal system: a review

Wang,

Chu,

Song

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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As the population ages and the incidence of traumatic events rises, there is a growing trend toward the implantation of devices to replace damaged or degenerated tissues in the body. In orthopedic applications, some implants are equipped with sensors to measure internal data and monitor the status of the implant. In recent years, several multi-functional implants have been developed that the clinician can externally control using a smart device. Experts anticipate that these versatile implants could pave the way for the next-generation of technological advancements. This paper provides an introduction to implantable sensors and is structured into three parts. The first section categorizes existing implantable sensors based on their working principles and provides detailed illustrations with examples. The second section introduces the most common materials used in implantable sensors, divided into rigid and flexible materials according to their properties. The third section is the focal point of this article, with implantable orthopedic sensors being classified as joint, spine, or fracture, based on different practical scenarios. The aim of this review is to introduce various implantable orthopedic sensors, compare their different characteristics, and outline the future direction of their development and application.

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A sensor to monitor limb depth in transtibial sockets with locking pin suspension: a technical note

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

An adaptive prosthetic socket for people with transtibial amputation

An adaptive prosthetic socket for people with transtibial amputation

Distal weight bearing in transtibial prosthesis users wearing pin suspension

The application of impantable sensors in the musculoskeletal system: a review

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