A Sequential Study of Virus Expression in Retrovirus-induced Arthritis of Goats

Klevjer-Anderson, P; Ds, Adams; Lw, Anderson; Kl, Banks; Tc, McGuire

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-65-9-1519

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This may be due to the very low levels of virus in blood in sheep and goats compared to the levels observed in most HIV-infected individuals. There are no routine reports of infectious cell free virus in blood plasma and infected monocytes are usually present at approximately 1 TCID 50 per 10 5 cells with SRLV [113,114]. Viral antigen may be detected in blood and PCR methods do detect provirus (1-10 5 copies per ug DNA) and RNA in blood cells [54,57,115].…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Blacklaws

Harkiss²

2010

CHR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are related retroviruses that cause multisystem disease usually over a long period of time. The viruses show similarities and differences in biological and pathogenic features. The basic retroviral genomic organization is complicated by the presence of a variable number of accessory genes in both viruses, though the structure is more complex in HIV. Both are mucosal pathogens, and infect cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. The main difference in cell tropism is that, unlike HIV, SRLV do not infect lymphocytes. A major feature of both pathogens is restricted replication and virus latency, which are partly responsible for the establishment of chronic infection usually lasting for life. The pathologies observed are similar in the early stages of both infections, and possibly following highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). While the pathogenesis of HIV-induced disease during symptomatic stages is mainly due to secondary infections and neoplastic conditions, the early and post-HAART stages are associated with chronic inflammatory changes that resemble those found in SRLV diseases which are thought to be mediated by anti-virus immune responses.

show abstract

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Blacklaws

Harkiss²

2010

CHR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have found that peptide 1 and particularly peptide 75 exhibited a much higher level of serological reactivity than did all of the other CAEV SU peptides tested. In the CAEV infection model, the results of several studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between the level of anti-Env antibodies and the development of arthritic lesions (3,22,30,35), together with high virus loads in synovial tissue of CAEV-infected goats (8,25,28). Particularly, increased anti-CAEV SU antibody titers and a dominant population of SU-reactive T-helper 2-like lymphocytes are associated with disease progression (6,48,64).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Immunogenicity of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Surface Glycoprotein

Valas

Benoît

Baudry

et al. 2000

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The complete surface glycoprotein (SU) nucleotide sequences of three French isolates of caprine arthritisencephalitis virus (CAEV) were determined and compared with those of previously described isolates: three American isolates and one French isolate. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of four distinct and roughly equidistant evolutionary CAEV subtypes. Four conserved and five variable domains were identified in the SU. The fine specificities of antibodies produced against these domains during natural infection were examined using a pepscan analysis. Nine immunogenic segments were delineated throughout the conserved and variable domains of SU, two of them corresponding to conserved immunodominant epitopes. Antigenic determinants which may be involved in the immunopathogenic process induced by CAEV were identified. These results also provide sensitive and specific antigen peptides for the serological detection and differentiation of CAEV and visna/maedi virus infections.The surface glycoprotein (SU) of lentiviruses contains determinants important for cellular host range, infectivity, cytopathogenicity, and disease progression. The region of the envelope gene encoding the SU displays a particularly high level of sequence variation, resulting in hypervariable domains interspersed with less variable domains throughout the protein. Both variable and conserved domains are major targets for the host immune response, including virus-neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, SU has been an obvious candidate in vaccine trials and diagnostic assays of infection by lentiviruses, such as human, simian, and feline immunodeficiency viruses (HIV, SIV, and FIV, respectively) (for reviews, see references 10, 19, 33, 34, and 38).Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus causing slow and persistent inflammatory diseases in goats, primarily arthritis and mastitis (9, 42). These inflammatory diseases are the result of viral infection of cells of monocyte/ macrophage lineage, which are the main target cells in vivo (13,43,44). The results of a recent experiment using live attenuated CAEV vaccine in goats have demonstrated the development of some protection against challenge with the pathogenic homologous virus (17), indicating the effectiveness of an immunological control of virus replication. However, this protective immunity did not prevent the development of clinical signs of disease, although the lesions were not as severe as those found in wild-type CAEV-infected goats. Previous investigations have indicated that the presence and severity of arthritic lesions are specifically correlated with the predominant humoral immune response directed against the SU and transmembrane (TM) CAEV envelope glycoproteins (3,22,30,35). Collateral experiments have demonstrated that infected goats having early dominant anti-SU antibody responses (48) as well as goats challenged with CAEV during persistent CAEV infection or after vaccination with inactivated virus (37) developed more rapidly progr...

show abstract

“…tat) [54], but also to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [55]. The virus itself could be detected in synovial fluid [56] and the synovial membrane [57,58]. After infection, an intensive reaction of the immune system to the virus could be observed, resulting in increased T cell responses, a higher number of B cells, and initiation of interferon-?…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retroviral Sequences in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium

Müller‐Ladner

1998

International Reviews of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are several relationships between retroviruses and cellular transformation, as well as retroviruses being involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Retroviruses have been discussed as etiologic agents modulating or triggering certain pathways in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, none of the currently known retroviruses has been identified as specific for RA. Due to the unique properties of retroviruses, distinct experimental approaches can be used to detect retroviral activity in cells and tissues. Current research in RA using state-of-the-art molecular biology techniques includes both the search for exogenous and endogenous retroviral gene sequences in synovium of patients with RA.

show abstract

A Sequential Study of Virus Expression in Retrovirus-induced Arthritis of Goats

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cousins that Take a Long View

Variability and Immunogenicity of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Surface Glycoprotein

Retroviral Sequences in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About