A Series of Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemodosimeters for Selective Recognition of Cyanide Based on the FRET Mechanism

Abstract

A series of fluorescence "turn-on" probes (PY, AN, NA, B1, and B2) have been developed and successfully applied to detect cyanide anions based on the Michael addition reaction and FRET mechanism. These probes demonstrated good selectivity, high sensitivity, and very fast recognition for CN. In particular, the fluorescence response of probe NA finished within 3 s. Low limits of detection (down to 63 nM) are also obtained in these probes with remarkable fluorescence enhancement factors. In addition, fluorescence colors of these probes turned to blue, yellow, or orange upon sensing CN. In UV-vis mode, all of them showed ratiometric response for CN. H NMR titration experiments and TDDFT calculations were taken to verify the mechanism of the specific reaction and fluorescence properties of the corresponding compounds. Moreover, silica gel plates with these probes were also fabricated and utilized to detect cyanide.

Dyes based on the 2(1H)‐quinolone skeleton as potential colorimetric and fluorescent sensors for cyanide anions

“…Most fluorescent probes are designed to exhibit fluorescence quenching (on–off) and fluorescence enhancement (off–on) as the detection signal. These fluorescent probes act via fundamental photophysical mechanisms including intramolecular charge transfer, photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, among others …”

“…These fluorescent probes act via fundamental photophysical mechanisms including intramolecular charge transfer, photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, among others. [21][22][23][24] In our previous paper, the synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and potential application of dyes derived from 2(1H)-quinolone with dicyanoethylene, 25,26 maleimide 27 and aldehyde 28 moiety as sensors for the biologically important thiols was reported.…”

Synthesis of Dicyanovinyl-Substituted 1-(2-Pyridyl)pyrazoles: Design of a Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Recognition of Cyanide

“…In addition, cyanide induces anaerobic metabolism, which leads the lactate accumulation in the blood. The cytotoxic hypoxia and lactate accumulation affect the central nervous system, causing respiratory arrest and death. , Due to the extreme toxicity of cyanide in biological systems, the design of fluorescent probes based on small molecules, metal complexes, polymers, and nanoparticles is of great interest for the sensitive and selective detection of cyanide . For the design of these chemosensors, fundamental photophysical mechanisms such as photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), metal–ligand charge transfer (MLCT), twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are commonly used …”

Aggregation-Induced Emission Supramolecular Organic Framework (AIE SOF) Gels Constructed from Supramolecular Polymer Networks Based on Tripodal Pillar[5]arene for Fluorescence Detection and Efficient Removal of Various Analytes

“…Calculation of the Limit of Detection (LOD): 67 The following equations are used to determine the limit of detection (LOD):…”