Heat absorption and thermal radiation effects in a non-Newtonian fluid on a vertical stretching sheet with suspended particles are considered. The nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity approach. The equations are further solved using shooting-RK4 method and validated with homotopy-Padé solutions. Comparison between previous and present results revealed agreement up to five significant figures. The influence of various parameters on the flow velocity, temperature and concentration are examined. The profiles of reduced skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number against selected parameters are sketched and discussed. Streamlines of the flow for different Maxwell parameters are visualized too. It is proclaimed that the heat flux of the flow is uplifted as value of either heat absorption or thermal radiation is multiplied. c 2016 All rights reserved.Keywords: Maxwell, thermophoresis, homotopy-Padé, shooting, heat absorption, thermal radiation. 2010 MSC: 35Q30, 76D10, 80A20.
IntroductionBased on the law of conservation of energy in physics, energy is an entity that cannot be originated nor demolished but it can be transferred or transformed into diverse forms via medias around. A body * Corresponding author Email address: drfadiya@um.edu.my (N. F. M. Noor)Received 2016-02-05 Noor, et al., J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. 9 (2016), 2986 2987 that posses energy experiences a proportional change in mass/momentum to satisfy Einstein's mass-energy equivalence [2] for static objects or energy-momentum equivalence for dynamic objects. Absorption is one of normal mechanisms of how a particular energy can be converted into another form. Energy absorption has wide applications in heat exchanger systems of automotive, machinery and reactor, metal suspension in bridge and building constructions, in material reactions such as laser and nuclear, in automated anti icing and retractor systems, and in shock absorber systems especially for permanent crash control, security and transportation safety barriers design and manufacturing. Thermophoresis is a phenomenon of suspended micro sized particles migration in a non-isothermal gas towards declining thermal gradient direction [9,10,13,22]. Thermophoretic velocity and force are experienced by the particles as a result of temperature differences [11,14]. Being an effective tool for collecting particles on surfaces surrounding by low temperature environment, it has abundance applications such as in microelectronics control clean room, modification of chemical/material depositions, air circulation and sampling of aerosol particles, formation in heat exchangers and particles removal from combustion systems of exhaust gases [24]. Thermophoresis is also an important mechanism in the study of semi-conductor technology especially in MHD energy generation system operations as well as in controlled high-quality wafer production [24]. A pioneer study on the nature of thermophoresis in the behavior of a lami...