A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

Gutiérrez-Expósito, Daniel; García‐Bocanegra, Ignacio; Howe, Daniel K.; Arenas-Montes, Antonio; Yeargan, Michelle R.; Ness, SallyAnne L.; Ortega‐Mora, Luis Miguel; Álvarez‐García, Gema

doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1046-z

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, some limitations have been pointed out when it is used alone. Some animals were not detected despite exhibiting severe clinical signs with numerous tissue cysts [ 16 ] and it was not possible to discriminate between B. besnoiti and B. bennetti infection by serology [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of Besnoitia bennetti infection (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Belgium

Liénard

Nabuco²,

Vandenabeele

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundBesnoitiosis is caused by different species of intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the family Sarcocystidae and affecting multiple host species worldwide. Including B. besnoiti, ten species are described infecting animals. Among ungulates, Besnoitia bennetti infects horses, donkeys and zebras and was described in Africa and in the USA where donkey besnoitiosis is considered as an emerging disease.Case presentationA two-year-old male donkey was purchased in May 2016 in poor body condition (cachexia, alopetic areas and pruritus mainly on neck and head) by the present owner in Le Roeulx (Belgium) from a milk producing donkey farm in Frasnes-lez-Buissenal (Belgium). Shortly after its purchase and shearing, the donkey presented with crusts, hyperkeratosis (both flanks and neck) anorexia and cachexia. A treatment with phoxim was given with no improvement. A cutaneous biopsy of hyperkeratotic skin was performed in July. It showed a perivascular eosinophilic infiltrate with a large thick walled cyst located in the dermis containing numerous bradyzoites. This was highly suggestive of besnoitiosis. Several skin biopsy samples were obtained for qPCR analysis and confirmed the presence of Besnoitia spp. DNA. Further laboratory diagnosis tests were performed (western blot and rDNA sequencing) confirming Besnoitia bennetti aetiology for the male. For the female, the punch-biopsy, haematology and qPCR were negatives but the western blot showed the presence of antibodies directed to Besnoitia spp. Further clinical examination performed in August highlighted scleral pinhead sized cysts (pearl) in the right eye and between nares. Another ten-year-old female donkey purchased in France and sharing the same accommodation showed a good clinical condition, but a thorough clinical examination showed the presence of numerous cysts on the inner face of upper labial mucosa. A daily treatment based on sulfamethaxzole and trimethoprim (Emdotrim 60% Mix®, 30 mg/kg) was given orally and some improvement was noticed.ConclusionThis is the first evidence of Besnoitia bennetti infection (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Belgium.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2993-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of Besnoitia bennetti infection (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Belgium

Liénard

Nabuco²,

Vandenabeele

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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“…Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies were detected for the first time in Europe in equids from areas where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic in Spain [2]. The infection was never explored in Italian equids, even if outbreaks of the disease in cattle were recently diagnosed in Northern regions [3,4].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Neospora spp. and Besnoitia spp., negative sera previously analyzed were included in the panels [2]. Samples having a RIPC value higher than 12.3, 18.7 and 21.5 were considered ELISA-positive results respectively for Besnoitia spp., T. gondii and Neospora spp.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, for T. gondii, ovine positive and negative control sera were employed; for Neospora spp. and Besnoitia spp., both equine (horse and donkey, respectively) and bovine control sera were used [2]. The diagnostic approach used in this study consisted of an initial screening by ELISA followed by a confirmatory WB: the use of a confirmatory technique is recommended due to the possibility of cross-reactions between closely related Apicomplexa, i.e.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First detection of anti- Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in horses and donkeys in Italy

Villa

Gazzonis

Álvarez‐García

et al. 2018

Parasitology International

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Among Apicomplexa protozoa infecting equids, Besnoitia spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. represent important issues from a sanitary and zootechnical viewpoint. However, only scarce epidemiological data are available on the spread of the infections in horses and donkeys in Europe. Therefore, a serosurvey was planned to estimate the prevalence of these Sarcocystidae species in Italian equids. Serum samples from 268 horses and 18 donkeys raised in Italy were collected and serologically analyzed to detect anti-Besnoitia spp., anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies: an approach based on an initial screening by in-house ELISA followed by a confirmatory WB was used. Two horses (0.7%) and four donkeys (22.2%), showed antibodies anti-Besnoitia spp. Ten horses (3.7%) resulted positive to T. gondii and one of these (0.4%) was seropositive also to Neospora spp. This is the first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Italian horses and donkeys. The study confirmed the circulation of Besnoitia spp. among equids in Europe. Low prevalence of T. gondii and Neospora spp. in horses raised in Italy was reported. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy to consider that consumption of horse meat could represent a source for human toxoplasmosis.

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“…It also is interesting to note that besnoitiosis, a disease caused by the protozoal organism Besnoitia bennetti , was diagnosed in only one case in our series (which was included in a prior report). This disease is presumably common in donkeys based upon the large number of cases reported in the literature, and both the disease and antibodies directed against the organism are more prevalent in donkeys than in horses …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus): a retrospective study from four veterinary schools

White

Bourdeau

Brément

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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and Ghent, Belgium were searched in a similar manner. The time periods included in the searches varied by institution.Results -At UCD, 83 of 346 (24%) of donkeys had skin disease noted in their records. The most common diagnoses were insect bite hypersensitivity, sarcoid and habronemiasis. At Nantes, 36 of 144 (25%) had skin disease and the most common diagnoses were sarcoid and superficial pyoderma. At Utrecht 23 of 143 (16%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was dermatophytosis. At Ghent, 14 of 320 (4%) had skin disease and the most common diagnosis was sarcoid.Conclusions and clinical importance -Cutaneous conditions in donkeys are common. Age, sex and breed predisposition and the most common diagnoses varied with geographical location. Clinicians should include a dermatological examination regardless of the reason for presentation. Statistical analysisBreed and sex predisposition for skin disease was measured using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test when there were more than five donkeys in a breed. Association between

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A serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in Spanish equids: first detection of anti-Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in Europe

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

First evidence of Besnoitia bennetti infection (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Belgium

First evidence of Besnoitia bennetti infection (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Belgium

First detection of anti- Besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in horses and donkeys in Italy

Skin disease in donkeys (Equus asinus): a retrospective study from four veterinary schools

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