A Service-Oriented Real-Time Communication Scheme for AUTOSAR Adaptive Using OPC UA and Time-Sensitive Networking

Abstract

The transportation industry is facing major challenges that come along with innovative trends like autonomous driving. Due to the growing amount of network participants, smart sensors, and mixed-critical data, scalability and interoperability have become key factors of cost-efficient vehicle engineering. One solution to overcome these challenges is the AUTOSAR Adaptive software platform. Its service-oriented communication methodology allows a standardized data exchange that is not bound to a specific middleware protocol. OPC UA is a communication standard that is well-established in modern industrial automation. In addition to its Client–Server communication pattern, the newly released Publish–Subscribe (PubSub) architecture promotes scalability. PubSub is designed to work in conjunction with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), a collection of standards that add real-time aspects to standard Ethernet networks. TSN allows services with different requirements to share a single physical network. In this paper, we specify an integration approach of AUTOSAR Adaptive, OPC UA, and TSN. It combines the benefits of these three technologies to provide deterministic high-speed communication. Our main contribution is the architecture for the binding between Adaptive Platform and OPC UA. With a prototypical implementation, we prove that a combination of OPC UA Client–Server and PubSub qualifies as a middleware solution for service-oriented communication in AUTOSAR.

Optimization of AUTOSAR Communication Stack in the Context of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

“…The (RQ3) of our paper is meant to analyze, in terms of performance, the gain of the proposed AUTOSAR communication optimization solution. Previous works on AUTOSAR radar sensor optimization have not addressed the communication issue at the presented AUTOSAR levels of our paper; therefore, from the literature review [ 3 , 5 ] we are referring to the evaluation methodology that aims to measure the performance. It can be noted from the previously presented experiments that the great advantage of PDA via Pdu Router solution is the execution time of the data transmission.…”

“…In their work, Anna Arestova et al [ 3 ] address the communication challenge and propose an integration approach of the AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform, a machine-to-machine communication technology named Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TN). Just by combining the use of TSN and OPC UA, the communication overhead is drastically reduced, enabling a flexible communication between various devices.…”

“…Technological developments of the automotive industry are currently increasing at an accelerated pace. New trends such as autonomous driving [ 1 , 2 ] and Car2X [ 3 , 4 ] require a detailed understanding of the interaction environment. Therefore, vehicles are becoming more and more interconnected between each other, as well as with the surrounding environment.…”

“…Autonomous driving requires a large number of sensors, thus increasing the amount of network participants and critical data to be processed. This is the reason why communication traffic volumes have become more complex and optimization approaches are researched to be applied at the AUTOSAR level [ 3 , 5 ]. Our work investigates the optimizing possibility of large data transmission at the AUTOSAR level.…”

Challenges of modeling and analysis in cybermanufacturing: a review from a machine learning and computation perspective

“…Second, the advancement of standardized, open, and manufacturer-independent communication protocols, such as Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA), and Data Distribution Service (DDS), improves scalability and interoperability under cybermanufacturing (Profanter et al 2019). Coupled with Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard, the protocols will allow deterministic real-time machine to machine communications with low latency, which is one of the most important features of cybermanufacturing (Arestova et al 2021).…”