A sex-linked gene controlling gonadotrop differentiation and its significance in determining the age of sexual maturation and size of the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus

Kallman, Klaus D.; Schreibman, Martin P.

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(73)90061-0

Cited by 120 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hence, mc4r receptor genes have been proposed to be major constituents of the sex chromosomal P locus, which modulates body size, sexual development, and reproductive behavior in Xiphophorus (Kallman and Schreibman 1973;Kallman and Borkoski 1977;Schreibman et al 1994). However, no genomic data were available to analyze the structure, origin, and evolution of the mc4r-containing P locus in any species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene Amplification and Functional Diversification of Melanocortin 4 Receptor at an Extremely Polymorphic Locus Controlling Sexual Maturation in the Platyfish

et al. 2013

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In two swordtail species of the genus Xiphophorus, the onset of puberty has been shown to be modulated at the P locus by sequence polymorphism and gene copy-number variation affecting the type 4 melanocortin hormone receptor Mc4r. The system works through the interaction of two allelic types, one encoding wild type and the other dominant-negative receptors. We have analyzed the structure and evolution of the P locus in the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, where as many as nine alleles of P determining the onset of sexual maturity in males and females, fecundity in females, and adult size in males are located on both the X and Y chromosomes in a region linked to the master sex-determining locus. In this species, mc4r has been amplified to up to 10 copies on both the X and Y chromosomes through recent large serial duplications. Subsequently, mc4r paralogues have diverged considerably into many different subtypes. Certain copies have acquired new untranslated regions through genomic rearrangements, and transposable element insertions and other mutations have accumulated in promoter regions, possibly explaining observed deviations from the classical mc4r transcriptional pattern. In the mc4r-coding sequence, in-frame insertions and deletions as well as nonsense and missense mutations have generated a high diversity of Mc4r-predicted proteins. Most of these variants are expressed in embryos, adults, and/or tumors. Functional receptor characterization demonstrated major divergence in pharmacological behavior for Mc4r receptors encoded by different copies of platyfish mc4r, with differences in constitutive activity as well as binding and stimulation by hormones. The high degree of allelic and copy-number variation observed between individuals can explain the high level of polymorphism for sexual maturation, fecundity, and body size in the platyfish: multiple combinations of Mc4r variants with different biochemical properties might interact to modulate the melanocortin signaling that regulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis.T ELEOST fish of the genus Xiphophorus, which comprise two major and morphologically quite divergent groups, the platyfish and swordtails, are prominent models for the study of polymorphic traits such as sexual development, reproduction, pigmentation, and cancer (Kallman

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important locus in this region on the sex chromosomes of the platyfish is the Pituitary (or Puberty) locus P, which controls the onset of sexual maturity in males and females, as well as adult size in males and fecundity in females (Kallman and Schreibman 1973;Kallman and Borkoski 1977;Schreibman et al 1994). The P locus is highly polymorphic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gene Amplification and Functional Diversification of Melanocortin 4 Receptor at an Extremely Polymorphic Locus Controlling Sexual Maturation in the Platyfish

et al. 2013

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“…Swordtails and platyfish, members of the genus Xiphophorus, have male sexual maturation regulated by a single genetic factor, the pituitary or P gene, producing distinctive male size classes varying by genotype within species. 6,7 One species of northern swordtails, X. nigrensis, has three male morphs that vary in size-specific suites of physical and behavioral traits (small, intermediate, and large; reviewed in Kallman 8 ). Small males (Ͻ26 mm standard length (SL)) are phenotypically more similar to females than other male morphs.…”

Section: Introduction Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is UV Ornamentation an Amplifier in Swordtails?

Cummings

León²,

Mollaghan³

et al. 2006

Zebrafish

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“…The start of the production of sex hormones during sex maturation, and particularly their accumulation, inhibits the growth rate, probably as a result of an interaction between the sex and the growth hormones. In their studies on the males of the Xiphophorus maculatus species, Cohen (1946) and Kallman and Schreibman (1973) demonstrated that androgens produced by the developing testes are sex hormones particularly active in inhibiting somatic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Dressing Percentage of 3-year-old Experimental Scaly Crossbreds of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) in Relation to Sex

et al. 2006

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The aim of the present study was to compare dressing percentages, with relation to sex, of three bisexual groups of hybrid carp, i.e. Hungarian mirror carp and Northern mirror carp (M2 × M72), the hybrid line of Pfierov scaly carp and Northern mirror carp (PS × M72), the hybrid line of Pfierov scaly carp and Ropsha scaly carp (PS × ROP), and the pure line of Pfierov scaly carp (PS) in harvest size (K 3 ). There were practically no differences in growth variables of male and female carp between the pure line PS carp and M2 × M72 and PS × ROP hybrids. Statistically significant differences in some variables between sexes were found in the scaly hybrid line PS × M72. Females in that group had significantly higher growth rates (TL and SL by 4.08% and 4.52%, respectively; p < 0.05), and their weight variables were also higher (FW, CW and FilletW abs by 11.37%, 13.70% and 14.83%, respectively; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). The weight of gonads of male carp from all the groups studied was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of ovaries of female carp (or, rather, the GSI of male carp was higher).

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A sex-linked gene controlling gonadotrop differentiation and its significance in determining the age of sexual maturation and size of the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

Gene Amplification and Functional Diversification of Melanocortin 4 Receptor at an Extremely Polymorphic Locus Controlling Sexual Maturation in the Platyfish

Gene Amplification and Functional Diversification of Melanocortin 4 Receptor at an Extremely Polymorphic Locus Controlling Sexual Maturation in the Platyfish

Is UV Ornamentation an Amplifier in Swordtails?

Evaluation of the Dressing Percentage of 3-year-old Experimental Scaly Crossbreds of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) in Relation to Sex

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