A sexual frustration theory of aggression, violence, and crime

Involuntary Celibacy: A Review of Incel Ideology and Experiences with Dating, Rejection, and Associated Mental Health and Emotional Sequelae

“…Lankford [57] proposed a sexual frustration theory of aggression that is based on traditional frustration-aggression models. It is comprised of three forms of sexual frustration: (i) unfulfilled sexual desires, (ii) partner unavailability, and (iii) unsatisfied sexual activities.…”

“…It is possible that all three may be relevant for understanding incel aggression. By name alone, it is apparent that incels experience frustration due to the disconnect between their sexual desires and their level of sexual activity; building on work that has tested general frustration-aggression theories, Lankford [57] notes that aggression may be amplified when sexual unfulfillment is viewed as unjust, damaging to one's self-efficacy, or the fault of another person. This is a proverbial hat trick for incels, as they score more highly than non-incels on measures of sexual entitlement [37•], experience greater mental health issues as rejection increases [44], and hold hostile attitudes toward both the women for rejecting them [21•, 37•, 50].…”

“…Again, there are parallels with the incel community; incels report greater fears of being single [37•, 44] and demonstrate animosity toward Chads [30, 31•]. They also believe that they are unattractive and belonging to a lower social class [21•], both of which were specifically identified by Lankford [57] as contributing to hostile behavior. Less is known about whether incels feel dissatisfied with their sexual activities; gauging incels' use of pornography and masturbation may be beneficial to future researchers for the reasons posited in Lankford.…”

Evidence In Sexual Violence Crime Cases

“…There are many factors that make it difficult for victims to report, including the negative stigma of society towards victims of sexual violence and the eastern legal culture of society which tends to portray this as a private sphere so that people themselves do not care about this dangerous behavior in people's lives in Indonesia [6].The condition of this sexual violence behavior in Indonesia is also one of the causes of domestic violence behavior. Although there are regulations, namely Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence which defines acts of violence as acts against a person, especially women that result in physical, sexual, psychological misery or suffering and/or neglect of the household including threats to commit acts, coercion, or unlawful deprivation of liberty within the household (Lankford 2021) [7]. Violence in this law is not only a sexual problem, it involves various aspects including psychology and mentality.…”

“…2021)[6].The condition of this sexual violence behavior in Indonesia is also one of the causes of domestic violence behavior. Although there are regulations, namely Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Domestic Violence which defines acts of violence as acts against a person, especially women that result in physical, sexual, psychological misery or suffering and/or neglect of the household including threats to commit acts, coercion, or unlawful deprivation of liberty within the household (Lankford 2021)[7]. Violence in this law is not only a sexual problem, it involves various aspects including psychology and mentality.…”