A Short History of Radar Meteorology

Rogers, Raymond R.; Smith, Paul L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-940033-84-6_4

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Canadian research into radar began in 1931 in the Radio section of the NRC (Middleton, 1981). The Operational Research Group of the Canadian Army started Project Stormy Weather under the leadership of physicist Dr. J. Stewart Marshall with the primary goal of better theoretical understanding of weather-related radar echoes (see Rogers, 1996). By 1944, a Microwave Height Finder radar was developed for aircraft detection with a "banana peel" antenna that produced a narrow vertical and a broad horizontal beam pattern.…”

Section: Radar Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Pioneers to Practitioners: A Short History of Severe Thunderstorm Research and Forecasting in Canada

Sills

Joe

2019

Atmosphere-Ocean

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The science of understanding severe thunderstorms and developing techniques for their prediction is relatively young, with most fundamental research having been carried out only during the last 75 years. Though it is not widely known, Canada has played an important role in such research and development, and some of Canada's atmospheric scientists have been pioneers globally in a number of areas. This brief review attempts to describe the full breadth of the Canadian contribution, with sections dedicated to radar meteorology, field studies, laboratory work, and forecasting. Key areas requiring further investment in order to improve our understanding and predictive skill are also identified.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] La science nous faisant comprendre les orages violents et la création de techniques de prévision connexes sont relativement récentes, la majeure partie des recherches fondamentales n'ayant été effectuée que pendant les 75 dernières années. Fait peu connu, le Canada a joué un grand rôle dans la recherche et le développement de cette science, et certains de ses spécialistes de l'atmosphère ont fait figure de pionniers dans nombre de domaines et au-delà de nos frontières. Cet article décrit brièvement l'ampleur de la contribution canadienne, y compris en ce qui concerne la météorologie radar, les études sur le terrain, les travaux en laboratoire et les prévisions. Il aborde en outre les thèmes stratégiques qui nécessitent une attention accrue afin d'améliorer notre compréhension et nos capacités de prévision.

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Section: Radar Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Pioneers to Practitioners: A Short History of Severe Thunderstorm Research and Forecasting in Canada

Sills

Joe

2019

Atmosphere-Ocean

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“…The material on Marshall is mainly drawn fromRogers (1996).CHAPTER 18 B R O O K S E T A L .18.7Unauthenticated | Downloaded 02/22/21 05:28 AM UTC…”

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confidence: 99%

A Century of Progress in Severe Convective Storm Research and Forecasting

Brooks

Doswell

Zhang

et al. 2019

Meteorological Monographs

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Abstracts The history of severe thunderstorm research and forecasting over the past century has been a remarkable story involving interactions between technological development of observational and modeling capabilities, research into physical processes, and the forecasting of phenomena with the goal of reducing loss of life and property. Perhaps more so than any other field of meteorology, the relationship between researchers and forecasters has been particularly close in the severe thunderstorm domain, with both groups depending on improved observational capabilities. The advances that have been made have depended on observing systems that did not exist 100 years ago, particularly radar and upper-air systems. They have allowed scientists to observe storm behavior and structure and the environmental setting in which storms occur. This has led to improved understanding of processes, which in turn has allowed forecasters to use those same observational systems to improve forecasts. Because of the relatively rare and small-scale nature of many severe thunderstorm events, severe thunderstorm researchers have developed mobile instrumentation capabilities that have allowed them to collect high-quality observations in the vicinity of storms. Since much of the world is subject to severe thunderstorm hazards, research has taken place around the world, with the local emphasis dependent on what threats are perceived in that area, subject to the availability of resources to study the threat. Frequently, the topics of interest depend upon a single event, or a small number of events, of a particular kind that aroused public or economic interests in that area. International cooperation has been an important contributor to collecting and disseminating knowledge. As the AMS turns 100, the range of research relating to severe thunderstorms is expanding. The time scale of forecasting or projecting is increasing, with work going on to study forecasts on the seasonal to subseasonal time scales, as well as addressing how climate change may influence severe thunderstorms. With its roots in studying weather that impacts the public, severe thunderstorm research now includes significant work from the social science community, some as standalone research and some in active collaborative efforts with physical scientists. In addition, the traditional emphases of the field continue to grow. Improved radar and numerical modeling capabilities allow meteorologists to see and model details that were unobservable and not understood a half century ago. The long tradition of collecting observations in the field has led to improved quality and quantity of observations, as well as the capability to collect them in locations that were previously inaccessible. Much of that work has been driven by the gaps in understanding identified by theoretical and operational practice.

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Advancing Hydrologic Modelling Through Bias Correcting Weather Radar Data: The Valgrosina Case Study in the Italian Alps

Citrini,

Lazoglou,

Bruggeman

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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The urgency of understanding the intricate input–output relationships of the hydrologic cycle is amplified by the accelerating climate change impacts in mountain environments. This study focuses on optimising water resource management of a dammed valley in the Central Alps (Northern Italy). The research aims to integrate radar data and precipitation interpolation techniques (TIN, Copula, cumulative distribution function; CDF techniques, inverse distance weighting; IDW, thin plate spline; TPS, ordinary kriging; OK and detrended kriging; DK) into a semi‐distributed hydrologic model, by utilising hourly precipitation data from 22 rain gauges and a composite weather radar product spanning 2010–2020. Two main objectives were pursued: (i) to develop and evaluate various radar precipitation correction methods against a benchmark dataset and (ii) to calibrate and assess the performance of the GEOFrame hydrologic model forced with corrected precipitation input. Point‐based and spatial correction approaches were evaluated against ground measurements through leave‐one‐out tests. The former derives dependence functions between the biased radar series and those of the closest three rain gauges to the target point applying a triangular irregular network. The latter combines deterministic and geospatial interpolations to the rain gauge/radar residuals to derive a corrected surface by incorporating radar values as trends. Precipitation series exceeding the composite scaled score of the benchmark dataset were used as input for hydrologic modelling. The spatial method combining radar values with ordinary kriging provided the best results for both correction and modelling (hourly KGE > 0.75). The spatial approaches proved easier to apply than the point‐based methods. In addition, correcting precipitation significantly improved low‐flow simulation from negative hourly lnNSE to values greater than 0.25. As a further step, given the overall good performance of the spatial methods, they could be used operationally as an ensemble to analyse management scenarios.

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A Short History of Radar Meteorology

Cited by 8 publications

References 78 publications

From Pioneers to Practitioners: A Short History of Severe Thunderstorm Research and Forecasting in Canada

From Pioneers to Practitioners: A Short History of Severe Thunderstorm Research and Forecasting in Canada

A Century of Progress in Severe Convective Storm Research and Forecasting

Advancing Hydrologic Modelling Through Bias Correcting Weather Radar Data: The Valgrosina Case Study in the Italian Alps

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