“…A comprehensive specification of the ionosphere in terms of electron density, neutral particles-electrons collision frequency, and geomagnetic field is required in order to carry out an accurate ray-tracing. Therefore, when dealing with near real-time applications of ray-tracing, it is of crucial importance to have a realistic ionospheric modelling through 3-D models of ionospheric electron density, which after assimilating measured data calculate an updated 3-D image of the ionosphere (Angling and Khattatov, 2006;Thompson et al, 2006;Fridman et al, 2006Fridman et al, , 2009Decker and McNamara, 2007;McNamara et al, 2007McNamara et al, , 2008McNamara et al, , 2010McNamara et al, , 2011McNamara et al, , 2013Angling and Jackson-Booth, 2011;Shim et al, 2011). More recently, at the INGV, the IRI-SIRMUP-PROFILES (ISP) model, capable of providing a 3-D electron density profile representation of the ionosphere in quasi real time, was developed.…”