A Short Review on Antibiotics and Ever-Changing Microbial Resistance Mechanisms

Ali, Akbar Shoukat; Al-Qahtani, Arwa Ahmed; Nabi, Saqib; Altaf, Khurram; Sonekhi, Gomand Beekho; Ahmed, Jaleel; Solangi, Farhan Ali; Ali, Kiran Shoukat; Ajaz, Arzoo

doi:10.5920/bjpharm.2018.04

Cited by 1 publication

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References 33 publications

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“…In the presence of specific outer risks, especially antibiotics, bacteria resort to employing more than one mechanism at the same time in order to counter these risks and ensure their survival. For instance, Gram-negative P. aeruginosa usually utilizes efflux pumps to eliminate the antibiotics, but in specific conditions, it utilizes another mechanism, which is the modification of drug targets [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Counter Multidrug Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens by Targeting AcrB Protein from AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump from Escherichia coli

Alenazy

2022

Biology

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Infections caused by multidrug resistance (MDR) of Gram-negative bacteria have become one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. The main mechanism that confers MDR to bacteria is drug efflux pumps, as they expel a wide range of compounds, especially antibiotics. Among the different types of drug efflux pumps, the resistance nodulation division (RND) superfamily confers MDR to various Gram-negative bacteria species. The AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump, from E. coli, a member of RND, is the best-characterized example and an excellent model for understanding MDR because of an abundance of functional and structural data. Small molecule inhibitors that target the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux pump represent a new solution to reversing MDR in Gram-negative bacteria and restoring the efficacy of various used drugs that are clinically relevant to these pathogens, especially in the high shortage of drugs for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review will investigate solutions of MDR in Gram-negative bacteria by studying the inhibition of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Counter Multidrug Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens by Targeting AcrB Protein from AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump from Escherichia coli

Alenazy

2022

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A Short Review on Antibiotics and Ever-Changing Microbial Resistance Mechanisms

Cited by 1 publication

References 33 publications

Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Counter Multidrug Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens by Targeting AcrB Protein from AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump from Escherichia coli

Drug Efflux Pump Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Counter Multidrug Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens by Targeting AcrB Protein from AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump from Escherichia coli

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