A short review on environmental distribution and toxicity of the environmentally persistent free radicals

Yi, Jing-Feng; Lin, Ze-Zhao; Li, Xing; Zhou, Yue-Qiao; Guo, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139922

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 116 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…52 This indicates that the chemical structures of EPFRs evolve throughout the decay process, 47,53,54 especially in the presence of abundant O 2 and H 2 O in the air, which can augment the reactivity of fastdecay EPFRs. 55,56 The decay of EPFRs was further shown to be affected by the abundance of O 2 and RH, as illustrated in Figure S5 and Table S2. The decay lifespan of EPFRs extended to 28−121 h under 50% RH and pure nitrogen conditions, which was slower than that in the presence of air.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the line widths either remain unchanged or increase slightly (Table S4), suggesting the formation of more complex structures, such as delocalized electrons and multiple radicals . This indicates that the chemical structures of EPFRs evolve throughout the decay process, ,, especially in the presence of abundant O 2 and H 2 O in the air, which can augment the reactivity of fast-decay EPFRs. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Cheng,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adverse health effects. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the dynamic changes in reactivity and toxicity during the decay process of EPFRs emitted from incomplete solid fuel burning, which are identified as a primary source of EPFRs. Here, we report the decay behavior of EPFRs in particulate matter (PM) emitted from typical solid fuel burning and the associated ROS generation and cytotoxic effects. The EPFRs in freshly produced PM first undergo rapid exponential decay with lifetimes ranging from 15 to 97 h and are categorized as fast-decay EPFRs. The relative content of fast-decay EPFRs was 40.5 ± 15.3%, while the remaining portion, defined as slow-decay EPFRs, displayed an extremely slow rate of decay. ROS generation and cytotoxicity decreased by 38.8 ± 11.4% and 62.5 ± 12.6%, respectively, following the depletion of fast-decay EPFRs, which were further demonstrated to be responsible for the variations in PM reactivity and toxicity. These new findings underscore the importance of considering the decay process of EPFRs in assessments of PM toxicity.

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Cheng,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Oxidative stress DCB230, ZnO/MCB [232] DNA damage BaP [46] Lipid peroxidation MCP230 Usually, toxicity tests are carried out in research laboratories using both environmental samples and lab-prepared PFRs, such as those generated by MCP230 (a mixture of CuO and chlorophenol at 230 • C), DCB230 (a mixture of CuO, 0.2 µm amorphous silica and 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 230 • C), CGUFP (combustion-generated ultrafine particle) or other mixtures of transitional metals and substituted aromatic compounds. For cytotoxicity experiments, cultured cells extracted from the bronchial epithelium and rats are used, while biotoxicity essays are carried out on plants, fishes, rabbits, and worms.…”

Section: Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the review articles on BC-associated PFRs that, by gathering information on the topic, could stimulate more research on it are indeed limited (16). Some recent examples could be considered works by Zhang et al, Liu et al, Luo et al, and Yi et al [ 1 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In this scenario, this review can be considered essential because it offers an all-round and complete overview of both BC and BC-related PFRs, via an extensive discussion on both their beneficial impact and the possible risks to humans and the environment that could derive from their widespread and indiscriminate application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Derived Persistent Free Radicals: A Plethora of Environmental Applications in a Light and Shadows Scenario

Alfei,

Pandoli

2024

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis at 200−1000 °C in the limited presence of O2 from different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks. BC has demonstrated great potential, mainly in environmental applications, due to its high sorption ability and persistent free radicals (PFRs) content. These characteristics enable BC to carry out the direct and PFRs-mediated removal/degradation of environmental organic and inorganic contaminants. The types of PFRs that are possibly present in BC depend mainly on the pyrolysis temperature and the kind of pristine biomass. Since they can also cause ecological and human damage, a systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of BC-derived PFRs is urgent. PFRs generally consist of a mixture of carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals and of oxygenated carbon-centered radicals, depending on the pyrolytic conditions. Here, to promote the more productive and beneficial use of BC and the related PFRs and to stimulate further studies to make them environmentally safer and less hazardous to humans, we have first reviewed the most common methods used to produce BC, its main environmental applications, and the primary mechanisms by which BC remove xenobiotics, as well as the reported mechanisms for PFR formation in BC. Secondly, we have discussed the environmental migration and transformation of PFRs; we have reported the main PFR-mediated application of BC to degrade inorganic and organic pollutants, the potential correlated environmental risks, and the possible strategies to limit them.

show abstract

“…Additionally, the review articles on BC-associated PFRs that, by gathering information on the topic, could stimulate more research on it are indeed limited (16). Some recent examples could be considered works by Zhang et [1,[44][45][46]. In this scenario, this review can be considered essential because it offers an all-round and complete overview of both BC and BC-related PFRs, via an extensive discussion on both their beneficial impact and the possible risks to humans and the environment that could derive from their widespread and indiscriminate application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Derived Persistent Free Radicals: A Plethora of Environmental Applications in a Lights and Shadows Scenario

Alfei,

Pandoli

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis at 200−1000 °C in the limited presence of O2 of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks. BC has demonstrated great potential, mainly in environmental applications, due to its high sorption ability and persistent free radicals (PFRs) content. These characteristics enable BCs to carry out the direct and PFRs-mediated removal/degradation of environmental organic and inorganic contaminants. The types of PFRs possibly present in BC depend mainly on the pyrolysis temperature and the kind of pristine biomass. Since they also can cause ecological and human damage, a systematic evaluation of the environmental behavior, risks, or management techniques of BC-derived PFRs is urgent. PFRs generally could consist of a mixture of carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals, and of oxygenated carbon-centered radicals, depending on the pyrolytic conditions. Here, to promote a more productive and beneficial use of BC and related PFRs and stimulate further studies to make them environmentally safer and less hazardous to humans, we have first reviewed the most common methods used to produce BC, its main environmental applications, the primary mechanisms by which BC remove xenobiotics, as well as the reported mechanisms for PFRs formation in BCs. Secondly, we have discussed the PFRs environmental migration and transformation; we have reported the main PFRs-mediated applications of BCs to degrade inorganic and organic pollutants, the correlated environmental potential risks, and the possible strategies to limit them.

show abstract

A short review on environmental distribution and toxicity of the environmentally persistent free radicals

Cited by 16 publications

References 116 publications

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Biochar-Derived Persistent Free Radicals: A Plethora of Environmental Applications in a Light and Shadows Scenario

Biochar-Derived Persistent Free Radicals: A Plethora of Environmental Applications in a Lights and Shadows Scenario

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About