A Short Review on Polymeric Biomaterials as Additives for Lubricants

Abstract

With increasing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources, the development of lubricant additives from bioresources has attracted much attention recently. In this review, we reported a few polymers and polymer composites that are synthesized from vegetable oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, and castor oil) and used as multifunctional additives in the formulation of eco-friendly lubricant compositions. We mentioned the preparation of vegetable oil-based homo- and copolymers and their characterization by different spectral techniques (FTIR/NMR). The average molecular weights of the polymers are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Performance evaluations of the polymeric materials mainly as a viscosity index improver (VII), pour point depressant (PPD), and most importantly antifriction additives when blended with lubricating base oils are indicated. Standard ASTM methods have been applied to evaluate their performances. The findings have shown that all the additives discussed are non-toxic, biodegradable, and showed excellent performances compared to commercial petroleum-based additives.

Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Chemical additives are used in many water applications, such as water treatment, water desalination, and in oil field activities [257]. The global market of scale inhibitors was worth USD 2.26 billion in 2014 and was projected to increase by 4.73% between 2015 and 2020 [258].…”

Continuous Addition Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride, Octadecyl Acrylate, and Docosyl Acrylate: Experimenting the Terpolymers as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Crude Oils

“…Experts widely accept that the most promising method to improve the economics and safety of pipeline transportation is to add PPD to crude oil. − The most common types of PPDs can be categorized as ethylene copolymers, comb-shaped polymers, maleic anhydride-based copolymers, and nanoheterogeneous and biological treatments. , During pipeline transportation, PPDs can improve the morphology, size, and aggregation of wax crystals, which precipitate from waxy crude oil at low temperatures and inhibit the tendency of wax crystals to form spatial network structures . The interactions between PPDs and paraffin can be described as nucleation, adsorption, cocrystallization, and improved wax dispersion .…”

Facile Synthesis of Functionalised Hyperbranched Polymers for Application as Novel, Low Viscosity Lubricant Formulation Components

“…Producing structures similar to dendrimers but less well-defined, with the potential to deliver the same performance at a much-reduced cost [26]. This has led to an interest in them running from petrochemical applications, such as in this study, through to glycopolymers for use in biomedical applications [9,31,32]. For example, they cannot efficiently pack and so exhibit intrinsically low viscosities, while also possessing the high molecular weights common to viscosity modifiers [24,33,34].…”