A short story of nearly everything in <i>Lactifluus</i> (<i>Russulaceae</i>)

Crop, Eske De; Delgat, Lynn; Nuytinck, Jorinde; Halling, Roy E.; Verbeken, Annemieke

doi:10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In NRL also as L. hemicyaneus (TNB). Introduced in Brazil (and probably elsewhere) with its host Pinus [42]; 47 considered a synonym of Lactarius brunneoviolaceus M.P. Christ.…”

Section: Compilation Of Data 21 Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Lactarius luteolus Peck in ECCF, FrRL and SRL. Lactifluus luteolus Peck is the correct name for a North American species [4,47,48]; 78 as Lactarius piperatus (L.) Pers. in CRL, ECCF, ERL, FrRL, GRL, NBIC, NRL, and SwRL.…”

Section: Compilation Of Data 21 Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison, while just nine species are present in Europe [22][23][24], some 76 species have been described from sub-Saharan Africa. Another important center of diversification of the genus is Southeast Asia, China, and India, a vast area from which at least 58 species are known [47]. The new frontline of research on Lactifluus diversity, however, seems to be the Neotropics, where the exploration of new habitats like the Brazilian Atlantic Forest on one side, and the fresh assessment of material from areas such as the Caribbean and Central America with molecular tools on the other, is revealing a somewhat surprisingly elevated number of new species, sometimes belonging to new sections [5,59,60].…”

Section: Milkcaps Diversity: a Global Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, all European Red Lists quote it as Lactarius luteolus, and all four are wrong, because the current name of the European taxon is Lactifluus brunneoviolascens (Bon) Verbeken, being Lf. luteolus Peck the correct name for a North American species [4,47]. However, as mentioned above, this is due in part to the fact that Red Lists are updated and revised periodically, and the time span of the Red Lists we examined is considerably large (starting from Malta, published in 1989, see Supplementary Materials).…”

Section: Milkcaps In Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Status of Milkcaps (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae), with Notes on Poorly Known Species

et al. 2021

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Mycological conservation has finally come of age. The increasingly recognized crucial role played by fungi in ecosystem functioning has spurred a wave of attention toward the status of fungal populations across the world. Milkcaps (Lactarius and Lactifluus) are a large and widespread group of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes; besides their ecological relevance, many species of milkcaps are of socio-economic significance because of their edibility. We analysed the presence of milkcaps in fungal Red Lists worldwide, ending up with an impressive list of 265 species assessed in various threat categories. Lactarius species are disproportionally red-listed with respect to Lactifluus (241 versus 24 species). Two species of Lactarius (L. maruiaensis and L.ogasawarashimensis) are currently considered extinct, and four more are regionally extinct; furthermore, 37 species are critically endangered at least in part of their distribution range. Several problems with the red-listing of milkcaps have been identified in this study, which overall originate from a poor understanding of the assessed species. Wrong or outdated nomenclature has been applied in many instances, and European names have been largely used to indicate taxa occurring in North America and Asia, sometimes without any supporting evidence. Moreover, several rarely recorded and poorly known species, for which virtually no data exist, have been included in Red Lists in some instances. We stress the importance of a detailed study of the species of milkcaps earmarked for insertion in Red Lists, either at national or international level, in order to avoid diminishing the value of this important conservation tool.

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“…In NRL also as L. hemicyaneus (TNB). Introduced in Brazil (and probably elsewhere) with its host Pinus [42]; 47 considered a synonym of Lactarius brunneoviolaceus M.P. Christ.…”

Section: Compilation Of Data 21 Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compilation Of Data 21 Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Milkcaps Diversity: a Global Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Milkcaps In Red Listsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Status of Milkcaps (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae), with Notes on Poorly Known Species

et al. 2021

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“…To date, 226 Lactifluus species have been described worldwide [6]. The species richness of Lactifluus is higher in tropical compared to temperate regions, with the highest known diversity in Africa [7] and Asia [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Revision of the GenusLactifluus(Russulales, Basidiomycota) of South Korea

et al. 2021

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Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel is an ectomycorrhizal genus that was recently recognized to be distinct from the genus Lactarius. To date, 226 Lactifluus species have been reported worldwide. Misidentification of Lactifluus species is common because of intraspecific morphological variation, cryptic diversity, and the limited number of taxonomic keys available. Molecular data are indispensable for species delimitation; a multilocus phylogenetic analysis showed that most Asian Lactifluus species are not conspecific with morphologically similar species present on other continents. In particular, Korea has misused European and North American Lactifluus names. In this study, we evaluated the taxonomy of Lactifluus in Korea using both morphological and multilocus molecular (ITS, nrLSU, rpb1, and rpb2) data. We examined 199 Lactifluus specimens collected between 1980 and 2016, and a total of 24 species across the four Lactifluus subgenera were identified. All Korean species are distinct and clearly separated from European and North American species. Five taxa corresponded to previously described species from Asia and the remaining 19 taxa are confirmed as new species. Herein, we provide keys to the Korean Lactifluus species within their subgenera, molecular phylogenies, a summary of diversity, and detailed description of the new species.

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Viral loads and profile of the patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta, Alpha, or R.1 variants in Tokyo

Tani‐Sassa

Iwasaki

Ichimura

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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The rapid spread of the Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) became a serious concern worldwide in summer 2021. We examined the copy number and variant types of all SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients who visited our hospital from February to August 2021 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Whole genome sequencing was performed for some samples. The R.1 variant (B.1.1.316) was responsible for most infections in March, replacing the previous variant (B.1.1.214); the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant caused most infections in April and May; and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the most prevalent in July and August. There was no significant difference in the copy numbers among the previous variant cases (n = 29, median 3.0 × 104 copies/µl), R.1 variant cases (n = 28, 2.1 × 105 copies/µl), Alpha variant cases (n = 125, 4.1 × 105 copies/µl), and Delta variant cases (n = 106, 2.4 × 105 copies/µl). Patients with Delta variant infection were significantly younger than those infected with R.1 and the previous variants, possibly because many elderly individuals in Tokyo were vaccinated between May and August. There was no significant difference in mortality among the four groups. Our results suggest that the increased infectivity of Delta variant may be caused by factors other than the higher viral loads. Clarifying these factors is important to control the spread of Delta variant infection.

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A short story of nearly everything in Lactifluus (Russulaceae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 92 publications

Conservation Status of Milkcaps (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae), with Notes on Poorly Known Species

Conservation Status of Milkcaps (Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russulaceae), with Notes on Poorly Known Species

Taxonomic Revision of the GenusLactifluus(Russulales, Basidiomycota) of South Korea

Viral loads and profile of the patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta, Alpha, or R.1 variants in Tokyo

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