A short-term ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharides increases immunoglobulin A and mucin concentrations in the rat cecum, but the effects are attenuated with the prolonged ingestion

Komura, Mika; Fukuta, Tomonori; Genda, Tomomi; Hino, Shingo; Aoe, Seiichiro; Kawagishi, Hirokazu; Morita, Tatsuya

doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.925782

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In accordance with our previous studies (11,31), FOS supplementation induced a very acidic fermentation in the cecum due to the accumulation of lactate and succinate in rats fed SP for 9 d. FOS ingestion was also accompanied by simultaneous significant increases in gut permeability (as assessed by urinary Cr-EDTA excretion and translocation of bacteria into MLNs) and myeloperoxidase activities (as a marker of neutrophil accumulation), and the expressions of inflammatory cytokine genes in the cecal tissues. In contrast, the fermentation pattern in rats fed NP was characterized by the production toward more SCFA and less succinate and lactate, irrespective of supplemental FOS in the diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Impact of Fructo-Oligosaccharides on Gut Permeability and Inflammatory Responses in the Cecal Mucosa Quite Differs between Rats Fed Semi-Purified and Non-Purified Diets

Genda

Kondo

Hino

et al. 2018

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

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The effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on gut-barrier function are still controversial in human and animal studies. Diet conditions would be a major factor for the controversy in animal studies. We fed rats a semi-purified (SP) or a non-purified diet (NP) with or without FOS (60 g/kg diet) for 9 (experiment 1) or 10 d (experiment 2). We assessed microbial fermentation, gut permeability, and inflammatory responses in the cecum (experiment 1), and mucus layer in the cecum, intestinal transit time and microbiota composition (experiment 2). FOS supplementation induced a very acidic fermentation due to the accumulation of lactate and succinate in SP, while short-chain fatty acids were major products in NP. Gut permeability estimated by urinary chromium-EDTA excretion, bacterial translocation into mesenteric lymph nodes, myeloperoxidase activity, and expressions of the inflammatory cytokine genes in the cecal mucosa were greater in SP1FOS than in SP, but these alterations were not observed between NP and NP1FOS (experiment 1). FOS supplementation destroyed the mucus layer on the epithelial surface in SP, but not in NP. Intestinal transit time was 3-fold longer in SP1FOS than in SP, but this was not the case between NP and NP1FOS. Lower species richness of cecal microbiota was manifest solely in SP1FOS (experiment 2). These factors suggest that impact of FOS on gut permeability and inflammatory responses in the cecal mucosa quite differs between SP and NP. Increased gut permeability in SP1FOS could be evoked by the disruption of the mucus layer due to stasis of the very acidic luminal contents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Impact of Fructo-Oligosaccharides on Gut Permeability and Inflammatory Responses in the Cecal Mucosa Quite Differs between Rats Fed Semi-Purified and Non-Purified Diets

Genda

Kondo

Hino

et al. 2018

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

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“…Mucinase activity was analyzed as described previously [79]. Briefly, fecal samples were mixed with acetate buffer (pH 5.5) at a ratio of 1:400 (w/v) and used for the mucinase assay with porcine stomach mucin as a substrate, according to a previously described method [80].…”

Section: Mucinase Activity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucin O-glycans facilitate symbiosynthesis to maintain gut immune homeostasis

Yamada

Hino

Iijima

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs); however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Heavily glycosylated mucin not only establishes a first-line barrier against pathogens, but also serves as a niche for microbial growth. We hypothesized that dysbiosis may cause abnormal mucin utilization and microbial metabolic dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin components in the stool samples of 40 healthy subjects, 49 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 44 Crohn's disease (CD) patients from Japan. The levels of n-butyrate were significantly lower in the stools of both the CD and UC patients than in those of the healthy subjects. Correlation analysis identified 7 bacterial species positively correlated with n-butyrate levels, among which the major n-butyrate producer, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was particularly underrepresented in CD patients, but not in UC patients. In UC patients, there were inverse correlations between mucin O-glycan levels and the production of SCFAs, such as nbutyrate, suggesting that mucin O-glycans act as an endogenous fermentation substrate for nbutyrate production. Indeed, mucin-fed rodents exhibited enhanced n-butyrate production, leading to the expansion of RORgt + Treg cells and IgA-producing cells in the colonic lamina propria. Importantly, the availability of mucin-associated O-glycans to the microbiota was significantly reduced in n-butyrate-deficient UC patients. Taken together, our findings highlight the biological significance of the symbiosynthesis pathway in the production of n-butyrate, which maintains gut immune homeostasis.Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are recurrent inflammatory disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors [1,2]. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal gut microbial composition, termed dysbiosis, plays a role in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of IBD in Caucasian patients [3,4]. The gut microbiota of IBD patients is characterized by diminished microbial diversity alongside the underrepresentation of Firmicutes and overrepresentation of Proteobacteria [3,5-8]. These characteristics are evident in the gut microbiota of CD patients, and the severity of dysbiosis in rectal mucosa-associated microbiota correlates well with disease score [7]. Changes in gut microbiota composition are less obvious in UC patients that in CD patients, and their association with IBD pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated [6,8]. Animal experiments have demonstrated that the gut microbiota shapes the host intestinal immune system under physiological conditions by inducing the maturation of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the differentiation of Th17 and regulatory T cells [9]. In contrast, the gut microbiota drives intestinal inflammation under dysbiosis [10,11]. Similarly, the transplantation of microbiota from CD patients into Il10deficient mice has...

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“…In addition, newer research has indicated that butyrate regulates gut mucosal homeostasis and elicits modulatory effects on dendritic cells [ 61 ] and on the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cell [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. A new study in rats also showed that a short term (1 week and 2 weeks) ingestion of FOS significantly increased IgA and mucin concentrations in cecum, but this effect was attenuated with a prolonged ingestion [ 65 ], indicating development of a state of tolerance due to long exposure of this dietary treatment. Indeed, most of the studies dealing with immune-stimulating effects of iS ingestion are done in short-term studies.…”

Section: Prebiotic Properties Of Is and Effects Of Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Function-Enhancing Properties and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Indigestible Sugars in Rodents and Rabbits

2015

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Indigestible sugars (iS) have received particular interest in food and nutrition research due to their prebiotic properties and other health benefits in humans and animals. The main aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding digestive and health-enhancing properties of iS such as sugar alcohols, oligosacharides, and polysaccharides, in rodents and rabbits. Besides ameliorating gut health, iS ingestion also elicits laxative effects and stimulate intestinal permeability and fluid secretions, thereby shortening digesta transit time and increasing stool mass and quality. In rodents and rabbits, as hindgut fermenters, consumption of iS leads to an improved nutrient digestibility, too. Cecal fermentation of iS reduces luminal pH and extends wall tissue facilitating absorption of key dietary minerals across hindgut. The microbial fermentation of iS also enhances excessive blood nitrogen (N) flowing into the cecum to be used as N source for bacterial growth, enhancing N retention in cecotrophic animals. This review also highlights the impact of iS on improving lipid metabolism, mainly by lowering cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the blood. The paper serves as an index of the current knowledge of iS effects in rodents and rabbits and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research.

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A short-term ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharides increases immunoglobulin A and mucin concentrations in the rat cecum, but the effects are attenuated with the prolonged ingestion

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

The Impact of Fructo-Oligosaccharides on Gut Permeability and Inflammatory Responses in the Cecal Mucosa Quite Differs between Rats Fed Semi-Purified and Non-Purified Diets

The Impact of Fructo-Oligosaccharides on Gut Permeability and Inflammatory Responses in the Cecal Mucosa Quite Differs between Rats Fed Semi-Purified and Non-Purified Diets

Mucin O-glycans facilitate symbiosynthesis to maintain gut immune homeostasis

Gut Function-Enhancing Properties and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Indigestible Sugars in Rodents and Rabbits

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