A Silicone Esophageal Cannula; Its Surgical Installation and Use in Research with Grazing Cattle, Sheep or Goats

Ellis, W. C.; Bailey, E. M.; Taylor, Charles A.

doi:10.2527/jas1984.591204x

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Indigestible neutral detergent fiber (INDF) was determined on extrusa, supplement, and fecal samples as suggested by Ellis et al (1984) and was used instead of lignin to calculate forage intake according to procedures outlined by Rittenhouse et al (1970). Because supplements and forages are likely to have different digestibilities, the amount of fecal dry matter originating from supplements must be partitioned from the total fecal dry matter before forage intake can be calculated.…”

Section: Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro digestible organic matter was determined by the Tilley and Terry (1963) procedure as modified by Moore and Mott (1974). Indigestible neutral detergent fiber was determined by following a 6-day in vitro fermentation (Ellis et al 1984) with neutral detergent fiber analysis of the fermentation residue (Goering and Van Soest 1970).…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of yearling steers grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands

Karn¹

2000

REM

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Growing yearling steers on summer rangelands as part of a cow-calf-yearling operation would allow producers to maximize forage utilization, and selling yearling steers when forage was in short supply would minimize potential genetic losses in the cow herd. A series of summer supplementation and intake studies were conducted from 1988-1992 to determine if weight gains of grazing yearling steers could be increased by supplemental energy (ground barley), phosphorus (P), or crude protein. Studies were conducted at 2 locations on pastures of approximately 51 ha each, which contained quite different mixtures of forage species. Forage P, crude protein and IVDOM levels were monitored throughout the grazing season. Supplementation results varied among years and between locations. There were significant (P < 0.14) location by treatment interactions in 1989 and 1990 because steers at the WEST location tended to respond more to supplementation than steers at the EAST location, but EAST location steers had the highest rates of gain. Providing supplements at gradually increasing rates produced results comparable to supplementing at a constant rate all summer. Supplemental crude protein showed no significant benefit, but crude protein levels in pasture forage were generally above steer requirements. Weight gains averaged over all 5 years were greater (P < 0.05) for steers supplemented with barley or barley and P, compared to unsupplemented control steers. The response to supplementation should be beneficial most years, but results may vary with the quantity and quality of available forage.

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Section: Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of yearling steers grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands

Karn¹

2000

REM

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“…Indigestible NDF was used as an internal marker to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility and fecal output (Cochran et al, 1986;Dann et al, 2007). Preparation of feed, orts and fecal residues from in situ incubation followed by iNDF extraction was similar to the technique described by Ellis et al (1984) for preparation of indigestible NDF (i.e., NDF remaining after 144 h of in situ incubation). Coefficients of apparent digestion of dietary components were determined by comparing dietary indigestible NDF concentration (corrected for that in orts) with fecal or omasal digesta indigestible NDF concentration as outlined by Cochran et al (1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen fermentation and nutrient flow to the omasum in Holstein cows fed extruded canola seeds treated with or without lignosulfonate

Santos

Neves

et al. 2012

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-Four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 548 kg of body weight and 74 d in lactation were used in a Latin square design with four 21-d experimental periods to determine effects of feeding extruded versus non-extruded canola seed, with or without 50 g/kg lignosulfonate on rumen fermentation, nutrient flow to the omasum, and degradability of dry matter (DM) and N of each diet. The DM effective degradability increased with extrusion and lignosulfonate treatment had no effect.The effective degradability of N was similar between diets. Lignosulfonate treatment of extruded versus non-extruded canola seeds decreased ruminal and total tract apparent digestibility of organic matter. The lowest apparent ruminal and highest intestinal digestibilities of protein, expressed as a percentage of N intake were observed for cows fed extruded canola seeds without lignosulfonate. Lignosulfonate treatment and extrusion had no effect on pH and concentrations of ammonia N and volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Results suggest that extruded canola seed untreated with formaldehyde may stimulate efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and is an effective means of increasing the availability of protein in the small intestine without affecting the total tract apparent digestibility of protein.

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“…A later adaptation included a remotecontrolled system which allowed the cannula to be opened and closed as required 12 . The size of the cannula is also important for the efficient collection of material 5,6 . The ideal aperture size of the fistula was described as 600 mm 2 , but an area of 1060 mm 2 was later found to better accommodate the remote-controlled unit 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As there are no standard sizes of cannulae, their commercial manufacture for research purposes becomes difficult 6,7 . For this reason it was decided to publish details on cannula dimensions for different animals, as well as modern surgical techniques for the insertion of the cannulae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%