“…Foundation knowledge of biochemistry and physiology underpinning IV fluid prescribing, however, varied widely between educational institutions, specialties, and levels of experience [ 2 , 29 , 47 , 59 – 63 ]. Education to improve IV fluid prescribing was primarily didactic teaching to resolve these deficiencies [ 29 , 40 , 61 , 64 – 66 ]. While test scores improved and self-reported practice in the short term increased, there was no information about its longer-term effects on knowledge or clinical performance.…”