A Simple and Robust Clustering Scheme for Large-Scale and Dynamic VANETs

Banikhalaf, Mustafa; Khder, Moaiad Ahmad

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2999368

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In [25], the author suggests that the concept of clustering is the best technique to improve the energy efficiency of the network. So in this research Efficient Cluster Head Selection (ECHS) method is proposed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A QoS Aware Cluster Head Selection and Hybrid Cryptography Routing Protocol for Enhancing Efficiency and Security of VANETs

Jubair¹,

Mostafa

Zebari

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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Nowadays, VANET (vehicular ad hoc network) is one of the key aspects of developing advanced intelligent transportation systems. Due to its huge mobility and rapid topology alteration, the network exposes to link failure that affects the firmness of the network and causes delay and congestion. Additionally, the dynamic change in the network routing affects the network's security, makes it vulnerable to various attacks, and causes data loss. In order to overcome these drawbacks an efficient and highly secured routing protocol is needed. Subsequently, in this research, a new routing protocol is proposed that has the combination of quality of service (QoS)-aware cluster head (CH) selection and hybrid cryptography, which is named QoS+. The QoS+ protocol is mainly divided into QoS-based CH selection and hybrid cryptography modules. The CH selection module performs based on QoS parameters attempt to provide reliable and stable clusters and improve the firmness and connectivity during the communication process of the network. The hybrid cryptography module contains advanced encryption standard (AES) and elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC) algorithms. It attempts to improve the security and privacy of the network. The QoS+ protocol is evaluated by a developed VANET simulator using NS2 software. The simulator consists of a network model, a load model, and an attack model. Various speed and transmission ranges and gray hole and wormhole attacks are used in the simulator. The outcome calculated from the performance analysis shows that the proposed QoS+ protocol has 7% to 24% higher message success rate, 500 to 800 higher packets normalized routing load, 350 to 550 Kbps higher throughput, 5% to 17% higher efficiency and 50ms to 12ms lower end to end delay when compared with the earlier works of ECHS and KMSUNET. The proposed QoS+ protocol also achieves superior performance in terms of CH efficiency, cluster member efficiency, and average cluster number with various speeds and transmission ranges.INDEX TERMS Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), quality of service (QoS), network security, cluster head (CH).

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A QoS Aware Cluster Head Selection and Hybrid Cryptography Routing Protocol for Enhancing Efficiency and Security of VANETs

Jubair¹,

Mostafa

Zebari

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…The simulation proves that the performance of this model is affected by node density. Mustafa Banikhalaf et al [16] CH lifetime, cluster member lifetime, and other variables as the evaluation factor for efficient routing. Here the author proposed a routing model namely Efficient Cluster Head Selection (ECHS) for realizable CH selection.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Adaptive Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Clustering (SA-EDMC) Approach for Improving VANET’s Performance

Abbas¹,

Mansour²,

Al-Fatlawi

2022

Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.

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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are mainly used in the intelligent transportation field for smart applications. VANETS received maximum concentration among the researchers in academic research. Providing traffic safety at the time of high mobility in the network is the major issue. Also, it consists of few general issues namely self-organization, link failure and speedy variation in topology. In order to address this issue, we developed a novel approach namely, Self-Adaptive Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Clustering (SA-EDMC) approach which is designed to reduce the delay and energy consumption in the VANETs that leads to increase the efficiency and overall Quality of Service (QoS) of the network. This approach is composed into four parts (1) network construction, (2) prime cluster head selection, (3) dynamic prime CH selection and (4) gateway creation. Network simulator is utilized to demonstrate the behavior of our SA-EDMC approach. The simulation evaluation exhibits that our proposed work achieved high packet delivery ratio, low delay and high throughput when compared with earlier research outputs like MCA-V2I and QMM-VANET. The comparative analysis expressed that performance of the proposed SA-EDMC is ~5% increase in packet delivery ratio, produced 300 to 500 kbps extra throughput compared with the earlier methods and delay is comparatively low.

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“…The works in [6][7][8]9] present efficient EMs dissemination protocols using cluster-based dissemination methods in an emergency. The technique entails selecting a broadcasting node further away from the origin.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

Shah¹,

Khan²,

Abbas³

2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities. Direction-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages (EMs) depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic approach. Nevertheless, such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen continuously. Due to the high number of vehicles, it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions. A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this paper. For urban VANETs, this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of EMs. In this regard, this paper introduces a routing protocol, namely, the bi-directional urban routing protocol (BURP). In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles, BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction of motion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head (CH). A modified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic. A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a cluster. Simulation results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput, a maximized packet delivery ratio, low energy consumption, and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

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A Simple and Robust Clustering Scheme for Large-Scale and Dynamic VANETs

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

A QoS Aware Cluster Head Selection and Hybrid Cryptography Routing Protocol for Enhancing Efficiency and Security of VANETs

A QoS Aware Cluster Head Selection and Hybrid Cryptography Routing Protocol for Enhancing Efficiency and Security of VANETs

Self-Adaptive Efficient Dynamic Multi-Hop Clustering (SA-EDMC) Approach for Improving VANET’s Performance

A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

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