A simple and sensitive particle induced gamma-ray emission method for non-destructive quantification of lithium in lithium doped Nd2Ti2O7 ceramic sample

Determination of fluorine concentrations in soil samples using proton induced gamma-ray emission

“…The samples were collected at a depth ranging 5-30 cm by using normal auger method. The samples were dried below 60°C for 12 h. For determination of F, in soil samples, in situ current normalized PIGE methodology was adopted [19]. Fluorine standards were prepared by mixing homogenously varying amount of CaF 2 (30-50 mg) and constant amount of Li 2 CO 3 (*20 mg) in cellulose matrix.…”

“…For the determination of F in soil, we have standardized an in situ PIGE methodology for nondestructive determination of F in soil samples using 4 MeV proton beam from the Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) located at BARC in Mumbai, India. Li was used as in situ current normalizer [19]. In situ current normalizer is the element which has high sensitivity towards PIGE and it should not be present in the sample of interest.…”

Development of Particle Induced Gamma-Ray Emission Methods for Nondestructive Determination of Isotopic Composition of Boron and Its Total Concentration in Natural and Enriched Samples

“…In PIGE experiments, sample pellets are made with graphite or cellulose as binder. 31,[34][35][36]39 Though their matrix comprises low Z elements (C for graphite and C, H, and O for cellulose), there are no γ-ray interferences from (p, p′γ) reactions of C and O at a 4 MeV proton beam. 31 Cellulose, used in the present work, was preferred compared to graphite for preparing pellets, as the current was not measured from the target.…”

“…34,35 Calculated detection limits for selected samples are given in Table 6. The detection limit values are in the range of 0.3−1.9 mg kg −1 using 2125 keV of 11 B, and 0.3−2.6 mg kg −1 and 1.3−6.0 mg kg −1 using 429 and 718 keV of 10 B, respectively.…”

“…36 In the in situ current normalization approach, a high sensitivity element such as Li and F is simultaneously mixed with samples in a constant amount for obtaining the current normalized count rate of the gamma-ray of interest. 35 In the cases where samples cannot be mixed with cellulose or graphite as matrix, in situ current normalization can be done by wrapping the sample with a thin Al-foil, which (Al) is equally sensitive as Li or F, as evident from the gamma-ray yield data. 31 To avoid any interference, the analyzed samples should be free of the element used for in situ current normalization.…”