A Simple and Versatile Approach for the Fabrication of Paper‐Based Nanocatalysts: Low Cost, Easy Handling, and Catalyst Recovery

Abstract

Aversatile method for the preparation of efficient and reusable nanocatalystsi nvolving the painting of ac ommercial filter paper with aP d@CNT (CNT = carbon nanotubes) ink was herein explored. The resulting paper-basedm aterial provided excellent results in the semihydrogenation of alkynes and alkynols and could be recycled at least five times withoutl oss of activity or selectivity.The development of sustainable processes with minimal environmentali mpact has been recognized as one of the major challenges of this century. [1] In this context, heterogeneous catalysis appears as ak ey tool to achieve the suitable utilization of resources and to preservea nd rehabilitateo ur environment. [2] Moreover,t he applicationo fm etal nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts is of particular interest to maximize the available metal surfacea rea and, consequently,t oe nhance catalyst productivity.Nanocatalysts are usually immobilizedo no xides such as silica or alumina, on polymers, or on carbon materials. [3] However,t he immobilization of selective catalysts onto cheap and easy-to-handle solid supports is still of general interest, and recently,a lternative carriers such as textile,p aper,a nd cotton were demonstrated to be very attractive. [4] For instance, the covalenti mmobilization of chiral organocatalysts on nylon was reportedw ith excellent stability, reactivity,a nd recyclability,t ogether with flexibility and cost efficiency of the support. [4b] This organotextile was used in several reactions such as the acylation of phenols to the esters and in the desymmetrization of anhydrides with very good enantioselectivity.M ore recently, Nagashima and co-workersr eported polycationic salt stabilized palladium nanoparticles immobilized on both cotton and paper as reusablec atalysts for sequential cross-coupling and hydrogenation reactions. [4c] Conventional filter paper is of inherenti nterest as ac atalyst support, as it is cost effective, biodegradable, accessible, and flexible. It, therefore, simplifies the handling of the catalyst, for example, by manipulationw ith tweezers, as well as the recycling process. Oleylamine-capped Pd nanoparticles absorbed on paper were reported to provide reusablec atalysts for Suzukic ross-coupling and nitro-to-amine reduction. [4d] These resultsshow that such supportscan be efficient, although in these examples,t he synthetic strategies were complex (covalentg rafting of the catalyst) [4] or limited to ac ertain type of NP stabilizer to provide interactions with the support. [4c, d] To overcome this latter drawback,t he use of an interface between the nanocatalyst and the support appears promising, as it would allow the utilization of any typeo fs tabilizer. Carbon nanotubes present great potential for this role [5] owing to their chemical stability, suitable porousp roperties, and broad functionalization strategies( covalenta nd noncovalent). [6] In somec ases, their structure also leads to metal-support interactions that can enhancet he activity/selectivity of the catalysts. [7] In add...

Advances in the preparation of highly selective nanocatalysts for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes using colloidal approaches

“…Recently, Godard and co-workers reported a versatile method for the preparation of efficient and reusable Pd nanocatalysts immobilized on paper for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes. 74 In this report, the Pd nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-pot method involving the decomposition of Pd 2 (dba) 3 (dba = dibenzylideneacetone) under H 2 in the presence of tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy 3 ) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Subsequently, a suspension of the Pd/MWCNTs was impregnated in the paper carrier by a simple painting process.…”

Controlled One‐pot Synthesis of PdAg Nanoparticles and Their Application in the Semi‐hydrogenation of Acetylene in Ethylene‐rich Mixtures

“…In spite of the availability of commercial options for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes such as the Lindlar or Pd Nanoselect catalysts, they frequently suffer limitations in terms of robustness [7] or accessibility constrains [8] . In addition, the recurrent necessity of including large amounts of nitrogen additives or toxic poisons such as Pb, have stimulated the development of more selective and environmentally friendly catalytic systems [4,9–11] …”

“…[8] In addition, the recurrent necessity of including large amounts of nitrogen additives or toxic poisons such as Pb, have stimulated the development of more selective and environmentally friendly catalytic systems. [4,[9][10][11] Current progress on nano-engineering offers a wide spectrum of possibilities for the preparation of highly functionalized nanomaterials with synergistic capabilities which could result in ultra-selective catalysts. When referred to the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes, most catalysts are transition metal based belonging to one of three categories: metal nanoparticles (M-NPs), metal nanoclusters (M-Clusters) and single-atom catalysts (SACs).…”

Fabrication of Highly Catalytically Active Gold Nanostructures on Filter‐Paper and Their Applications towards Degradation of Environmental Pollutants

“…In this regard, catalysts supported on substrates have attracted great attention as they provide the benefits of straightforward catalyst recovery and reusability. [1][2][3][4] Moreover, a catalyst dispersed on biodegradable support also fits the principle of green chemistry. [5] Catalytic degradation of organic dyes present in wastewater with metal oxides is well established.…”

“…In response to the ever‐increasing concerns of hazardous dyes polluting our environment, there is a growing demand for developing efficient, recoverable, and reusable catalysts by methods that are facile and scalable. In this regard, catalysts supported on substrates have attracted great attention as they provide the benefits of straightforward catalyst recovery and reusability [1–4] . Moreover, a catalyst dispersed on biodegradable support also fits the principle of green chemistry [5] …”