A simple dilute-and-shoot procedure for Si determination in diesel and biodiesel by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

Amais, Renata S.; Donati, George L.; Schiavo, Daniela; Nóbrega, Joaquim A.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.09.001

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The measurement of S by traditional ICP-MS suffers severer spectral interferences by 16 Optimization of the flow rate of O2 was carried out to achieve the best DL for 32 S + . The results of the signal intensity, BEC, and DL are plotted in Figs.…”

Section: Optimization Of the O2 Flow Rate As The Reaction Gas For Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, simple dilution with organic solvents had been reported to be effective for the determination of the elements in fuel samples. [15][16][17] De Souza et al had reported that xylene dilution was useful for multielemental determinations in oil matrices by ICP-MS with a dynamic reaction cell. 17 Such organic solvent dilution methods are candidate high-throughput sample pretreatment methods for determining the elements in a BDF sample because the operations are very simple and could be carried out in a shorter time (several minutes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of the ICP-QMS/QMS permitted highly sensitive measurements of all the target elements, including S, which is an especially difficult element for single quadrupole ICP-MS because of spectral interference from 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both ethanol 15,16 and xylene 17 had been reported as the dilution solvent for the analysis of BDF. An experiment was carried out to check the stability of the diluted samples using ethanol and xylene as the dilution solvent, respectively.…”

Section: Optimization Of Optional O2 Gas For the Direct Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Direct Determinations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S in Biodiesel Fuel by ICP-QMS/QMS after Xylene Dilution: Development and Application of a High-throughput Method for a Homogeneity Assessment of a Candidate Reference Material

2017

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Technology (AIST), is providing chemical and physical metrology service to the world, including the development and providing of CRMs for the analysis of fuels based on a managing system in accordance to the ISO Guide 34:2009. 2 Up to date, the NMIJ has issued RMs and CRMs of sulfur calibrating solutions (NMIJ CRMs 4215-a, 4217-a, 4221-a, NMIJ RM 4216-a) and bioethanol (NMIJ CRM 8301-a) for the analysis of fuels.3 In accordance to the development plan of CRMs for fuel analysis, a CRM for the measurements of water, methanol, density, kinematic viscosity, and regulated elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S) was developed by the present authors' group following ISO Guide 35:2006, 4 which is an international technical guide for the development of RMs and CRMs covering general and statistical principles for certification, e.g. the production of candidate RMs, assessments of the homogeneity, stability study, and characterization.Homogeneity is one of the basic requirements for candidate materials of CRM, and the uncertainty of the homogeneity should be studied and combined to obtain the uncertainty of a certified value. 4 According to the ISO Guide 35:2006, 4 "The minimum number of bottles selected at random is between 10 and 30, but should generally not be smaller than 10". Furthermore, at least 3 sub-samples were taken for each bottle to check the reproducibility of the sample pretreatment. Therefore, measurements of over 30 sub-samples are required for a homogeneity assessment of a candidate RM. High throughput and reliable sample pretreatment methods are preferred for such kind of chemical analysis to lower the cost and to improve the working efficiency.The concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S in biodiesel fuel (BDF) are regulated so as to ensure the engine performance and for environmental conservation.5 As a result, measurements of these elements are required for quality monitoring of the BDF. In responding to this requirement, certifications of the elements' contents were covered by the present candidate RM. In our previous work on the development of CRMs, Na, Mg, K, Ca, and P, were often measured by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and an atomic emission spectrometer (AES), 6-8 while S was measured using a total sulfur analyzer attached with a trap and release unit. 9-11 In these methods, the measurement was often carried out at specific 2017 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry † To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yb-zhu@aist.go.jp Inductively coupled plasma tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS/QMS) measurements after xylene dilution were investigated as a method for determining the elements (Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S) in a biodiesel fuel (BDF) candidate reference material (RM). Optimizations were respectively carried out for the following parameters to obtain the best performance for measurements: O2 flow rate (additional gas to the carrier gas) to ensure complete combustion of the xylene solvent in the plasma, plasma power to obtain ...

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Section: Optimization Of the O2 Flow Rate As The Reaction Gas For Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of Optional O2 Gas For the Direct Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simultaneous Direct Determinations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S in Biodiesel Fuel by ICP-QMS/QMS after Xylene Dilution: Development and Application of a High-throughput Method for a Homogeneity Assessment of a Candidate Reference Material

2017

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“…In another study, an attempt was made to demonstrate the potential of MP-AES for environmental studies [20]. Several other studies have employed MP-AES for the determination of trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in animal feed and fertilizers [21], gasoline and ethanol [22], petroleum crude oil [23], diesel and biodiesel [24], and biofortified yeast analysis [25]. Different procedures have been proposed for determining the content of metallic species in biosludge samples [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Boron, Phosphorus, and Molybdenum Content in Biosludge Samples by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)

et al. 2017

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A novel analytical method for accurate determination of boron (B), phosphorous (P), and molybdenum (Mo) content in biosludge samples based on a relatively recent analytical technique, microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES), is developed in the present work. Microwave assisted acid digestion method is utilized to extract B, P, and Mo from biosludge. To demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the present MP-AES method, its results are compared with those obtained using two well-established techniques, i.e., flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Matrix variation in the MP-AES technique is found to result in minimal changes. Precision and accuracy of the developed method are demonstrated using replicate analyses of certified sewage sludge reference material, EnviroMAT (BE-1). The limit of quantification and detection of B, P, and Mo in the extracts are determined; the linear regression coefficient was greater than 0.998 for all the three techniques. Analytical wavelengths are selected according to the sensitivity and interference effects. The results obtained in this work demonstrate the potential of MP-AES technique for the determination of B, P, and Mo content in biosludge, which achieved lower detection limits, higher accuracy, and better reproducibility as compared to other techniques.

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Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

Jankowski

Reszke²

2023

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Over the last decade, a revolutionary progress in both the instrumentation and the application of microwave plasma (MWP) systems for optical and mass spectrometry is observed. In this article, the current status of these systems is comprehensively reviewed and updated to 2022 to provide the reader with an advanced understanding of the theory, practices, and instrumentation associated with MWP‐based spectrometric techniques. Diverse MWP devices that can serve as atomizers, and radiation or ionization sources for various spectrometric techniques are all discussed and classified according to their fundamental microwave features and power coupling mode. Two basic MWP types constitute electrode‐operating capacitively coupled microwave plasmas (CMPs) and electrodeless microwave‐induced plasmas (MIPs). The recent development of the brand new devices such as microwave inductively coupled plasmas, rotating field MWPs, and microwave micro‐discharges is also discussed. In addition, so‐called tandem plasma sources that are a combination of MWP with another type of plasma are briefly commented on. An introduction to the various sampling techniques that can cope with MWPs such as hydride generation (HG), chemical vapor generation (CVG) and photochemical vapor generation (PCVG) for gaseous samples, solution nebulization for liquids, and dry aerosol generation techniques [electrothermal vaporization (ETV), spark (SA), laser ablation (LA), direct vaporization and ionization (DI), and continuous powder introduction (CPI)] for solids are presented highlighting their relative merits and demerits. Also, recent advances in sampling of nanoparticles for time‐resolved measurements and single particle analysis are mentioned. Further, a broad range of MWP‐based optical and mass spectrometric techniques is covered. Optical emission spectrometric (OES) methods based on MWPs are reviewed because a considerable amount of research is presently being performed in this field. Even when much less reported in the literature, several nonemission spectrometric techniques are also discussed. The mass spectrometry (MS) techniques including both the elemental mass spectrometry with hot MWPs and a variety of molecular MS techniques utilizing either hot or cold MWPs are discussed. Advances in sample introduction strategies, instrument optimization, calibration methods, and applications of MWP analytical spectrometry are discussed in the following sections. Due to the diversity of MWP instrumentation and related spectrometric techniques, it is impracticable to treat equally all of these issues in this survey. For this reason, the discussion of analytical performance and practical use is focused on key MWP‐based spectrometric techniques that have been employed, alone or hyphenated, using commercial instrumentation. The review of routine determination of metals and metalloids in different categories of samples is focused to cover the application of nitrogen MWP Optical Emission Spectrometer. Extended capabilities by hyphenating microwave plasma optical emission spectrometry (MWPOES) and microwave plasma mass spectrometry (MWPMS) to various well‐known separation techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography, and also size‐exclusion chromatography are discussed in brief. The application of advanced spectroscopic techniques in a wide range of environments focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on industrial and bioanalytical applications, its advantages, and limitations over other multielement instrumental techniques are discussed. Some of the areas where more developments can be expected in the future are suggested.

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A simple dilute-and-shoot procedure for Si determination in diesel and biodiesel by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Simultaneous Direct Determinations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S in Biodiesel Fuel by ICP-QMS/QMS after Xylene Dilution: Development and Application of a High-throughput Method for a Homogeneity Assessment of a Candidate Reference Material

Simultaneous Direct Determinations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, P, and S in Biodiesel Fuel by ICP-QMS/QMS after Xylene Dilution: Development and Application of a High-throughput Method for a Homogeneity Assessment of a Candidate Reference Material

Determination of Boron, Phosphorus, and Molybdenum Content in Biosludge Samples by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES)

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

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