A simple experiment on diffraction of light by interfering liquid surface waves

Barik, Tarun Kr.; Roy, Anushree; Kar, Sayan

doi:10.1119/1.1870032

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…where, the factor of cos θ i appears due to oblique incidence of the incident monochromatic light [11,14,15,25]. The field strength E of the diffraction pattern can be estimated from the Fourier transform of the aperture function (in this case the surface wave produced by single exciter).…”

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where z is the horizontal distance between the location of the laser spot on the liquid surface and the screen and Λ = When we generate capillary waves by means of a single pin exciter, the amplitude of the wave at the point of oscillation is almost the same as the amplitude of the oscillating pin in a low viscous liquid [15]. The intensities of different orders depend only on the amplitude of the capillary wave (h), if other parameters like θ i and λ are kept constant (Eqn.…”

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our simulations, we use the typical values of Λ = 2.1 mm, h =1.0 mm and D = 8.4 mm (separation between pin-exciters) [15]. δ is chosen to be 0.235 cm −1 (for water at 220 Hz, we obtain this value from experiments discussed later in section IV).…”

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases, we used the ratio I 1 /I 0 for estimation of h (however, we were always below the limit for which this ratio becomes very large). Again, by measuring x ′ , we determined the wavelength (Λ) of the surface capillary waves to be 2.1 mm [for more details see [15]]. For several exciters placed at different types of geometric configurations (eg, along a line, or a polygon etc.…”

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing liquid surface waves, liquid properties and liquid films with light diffraction

Barik¹,

Chaudhuri²,

Roy³

et al. 2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Surface waves on liquids act as a dynamical phase grating for incident light. In this article, we revisit the classical method of probing such waves (wavelengths of the order of mm) as well as inherent properties of liquids and liquid films on liquids, using optical diffraction. A combination of simulation and experiment is proposed to trace out the surface wave profiles in various situations (eg. for one or more vertical, slightly immersed, electrically driven exciters). Subsequently, the surface tension and the spatial damping coefficient (related to viscosity) of a variety of liquids are measured carefully in order to gauge the efficiency of measuring liquid properties using this optical probe. The final set of results deal with liquid films where dispersion relations, surface and interface modes, interfacial tension and related issues are investigated in some detail, both theoretically and experimentally. On the whole, our observations and analysis seem to support the claim that this simple, low-cost apparatus is capable of providing a wealth of information on liquids and liquid surface waves in a non-destructive way.

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Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Probing liquid surface waves, liquid properties and liquid films with light diffraction

Barik¹,

Chaudhuri²,

Roy³

et al. 2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…We failed to find similar stud ies as applied to systems of two immiscible liquids, although Barik et al. [2] and Boev and Yasnitskaya [3] showed that the attenuation coefficient depends on the frequency, the surface tension, and the properties of the liquids, namely, viscosity and density. Such dependence suggests that this parameter can be used for identifying structural changes in the dynamic interfacial layer, which emerges in the case of the redistribution of chemically reactive components between phases of a heterogeneous liquid system [4].…”

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confidence: 93%

State of the dynamic interfacial layer of an extraction system and the attenuation coefficient of surface waves

2013

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The possibility of using the method of surface waves for solving physicochemical problems was previously demonstrated by Noskov et al. [1], who, having stud ied the adsorption of surfactants at the aqueous solu tion-air interface, determined the kinetic characteris tics and sizes of micelles. We failed to find similar stud ies as applied to systems of two immiscible liquids, although Barik et al. [2] and Boev and Yasnitskaya [3] showed that the attenuation coefficient depends on the frequency, the surface tension, and the properties of the liquids, namely, viscosity and density. Such dependence suggests that this parameter can be used for identifying structural changes in the dynamic interfacial layer, which emerges in the case of the redistribution of chemically reactive components between phases of a heterogeneous liquid system [4].The purpose of this work was to prove the applica bility of the attenuation coefficient of surface waves generated at the liquid-liquid interface for detecting changes in the state of the dynamic interfacial layer.The novelty of this work consists in the fact that it for the first time presents data on the possibility of using the attenuation coefficient for determining changes in the state of the interface and the surface layers of a heterogeneous liquid system. EXPERIMENTALThe objects of investigation were the heteroge neous systems water-aqueous solution of erbium or praseodymium chloride (pH 5.3)-0.05 M di (2 eth ylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) solution in hep tane. All the reagents were chemically pure. D2EHPA was purified according to a published procedure [5].The experiment was performed on a setup that included a soundproof chamber in which a glass cell (Petri dish) with a system to be studied, a sensor, and a vibrator were placed.The sensor was a highly sensitive piezoceramic head with a 7 cm long rigidly attached glass thread 0.05 cm in diameter, the 0.5 cm long end portion of which was bent at a right angle. The sensor was con nected with a coaxial cable to a selective microvoltme ter, the output signal of which entered a storage oscil loscope and a frequency meter.The vibrator was a high frequency electrodynamic head with a 4.3 cm long stainless steel rod 0.05 cm in diameter, which was rigidly attached to the center of the diffuser. To the end of the rod, a vibrating element was fastened. The vibrating element was made of tet rafluoroethylene in the shape of a regular trigonal prism with a height of 0.5 cm and a base of 1.1 × 0.3 cm, one of the lateral edges of which faced the interface. The vibrator was connected to a low frequency signal generator. The measurements were made within the frequency range 2-14 kHz. Within this range, no eigenfrequencies of the sensor and the vibrator were detected.The experiment was performed as follows. Initially, the water-solvent heterogeneous system was studied. In a cylindrical glass cell 9.7 cm in diameter with a wall height of 1.5 cm, 20 mL distilled water was placed. The horizontal part of the glass thread at the beginning of the ...

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