A simple method for quantitative analysis of elements by WD-XRF using variable dilution factors in fusion bead technique for geologic specimens

Abstract

A common approach in the quantitative analysis of geological samples by X-ray fluorescence is to establish calibration lines for elements of interest by using several reference materials (RMs) and/or the combination of RMs and pure chemicals. Herein, we introduce an alternative to use only two RMs, to establish a calibration application. Variation of the dilution factor is employed to generate a dynamic range of concentrations for each RM and to evenly furnish the calibration lines to analyze certain matrices. A wide range of dilution factors were employed from 2-54 times dilution (with respect to the flux to sample ratios). Calibration lines for the major elements including: Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, and Ti show an extremely high level of linearity with all elements. R 2 values greater than 0.9990 were obtained for each analyzed element. The calibration application was validated by checking against a variety of geological RMs including petroleum and carbonate rich shale (SGR-1), Muscovite rich marine shale (SBC-1), metamorphic rock (SDC-1), carbonatite (COQ-1), and types of igneous rocks (GSP-2, BCR-2, AGV-2, QLO-1, and W-2). Mixtures of Alumina and Silica (ARG-1 and ARG-2) and pure SiO 2 beads were also analyzed to further check the application. Rigorous statistical analysis on the RMs confirms the reliability of the calibration application for the employed matrices.

Geophysical mapping of hyporheic processes controlled by sedimentary architecture within compound bar deposits

“…The Rigaku Supermini 200 analyzes for elements between fluorine and uranium. Data reduction was performed using Rigaku's ZSX software, which reports data processed using LOI values (Younis et al, 2017).…”

Evaluation of the Electro-removal Technique of the Treated Wood Using the Accelerated Decaying Fungus Test

“…The concentration of metallic ions, copper, chromium and arsenic, present in the treated baguettes were analyzed by X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry using a spectrometer. The simultaneous collection of data in the wood samples was performed by the Fundamental Parameters Method [11]. This same process was repeated after the application of the electrorem treatment, to verify the ion concentration difference before and after the procedure.…”

Electro-removal of copper, chromium, and arsenic from chromated copper arsenate treated waste wood

“…The operating conditions were: X-ray tube: Rh 3 kW, excitation: 15 kV for Si Ka and 50 kV for ULα, collimator: 10 mm, detector: Si (Li) cooled with liquid nitrogen, and integration time: 100 s. Simultaneous data collection in the wood samples was performed using the Fundamental Parameters Method (YOUNIS et al, 2017;ROUSSEAU, 2013), with 15 retrievals of the reference standard to establish the mean analytical figures of merit, standard deviation, precision by determining the coefficient of variance (%), accuracy by determination of relative error (%), limit of determination of the method, and Z-Score test (INMETRO, 2018;SILVA et al, 2016).…”