A Simple Method of Mass Inoculation of Rice Effective for Both Pathovars ofXanthomonas oryzae, and the Construction of Comparable Sets of Host cDNA Libraries Spanning Early Stages of Bacterial Leaf Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak

Abstract

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) are important bacterial pathogens of rice (Oryza sativa). Despite being very closely related, they infect in different ways and cause distinct diseases. Xoo invades the xylem to cause bacterial blight, whereas Xoc colonizes the leaf mesophyll to cause bacterial leaf streak. As the modes of infection of these two pathogens are different, traditional methods of inoculation effective for Xoo are not effective for Xoc and vice versa. We discovered that dipping plants in bacterial suspension is an effective inoculation method both for Xoo and Xoc and can be used to achieve uniform and synchronized infection of multiple plants. Using this method, comparable sets of rice Gateway Ò cDNA libraries spanning five time points in the early stages of bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak were constructed. Prepared under identical conditions, the libraries are ideal for probing differential rice transcription during development of the diseases. Furthermore, by capturing transcripts expressed in response to these unique sources of biotic stress, the libraries are likely to contain cDNA clones not available elsewhere.www.blackwell-synergy.com

Code-Assisted Discovery of TAL Effector Targets in Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice Reveals Contrast with Bacterial Blight and a Novel Susceptibility Gene

“…We initially set out to determine whether there are differences in host genome-wide expression patterns during bacterial leaf streak vs. bacterial blight that might help to explain the different tissue specificity of Xoc and Xoo. Using a vacuum infiltration approach developed from a dipping method we showed previously to be effective for both pathovars [36] , we inoculated rice (cv. Nipponbare) plants en masse with Xoc strain BLS256 (hereafter Xoc refers to this strain unless otherwise specified), Xoo strain PXO99 A (likewise), or a mock inoculum, harvested leaves at 2, 4, 8, 24, and 96 hours thereafter, and quantified transcript levels in these leaves for the roughly 56,000 annotated rice genes in parallel using the Affymetrix GeneChip Rice Genome Array [37] .…”

The transcriptional network of WRKY53 in cereals links oxidative responses to biotic and abiotic stress inputs

“…1b ). These were used as DNA bait against a previously constructed rice pathogen-responsive cDNA expression library (Niño-Liu et al 2005 ). A total of four positive interactors with −400:P W53 were identified (Fig.…”

“…oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola and incubated for varying lengths of time before mRNA isolation (Niño-Liu et al 2005 ). Since aphid feeding induces plant responses that overlap with those induced by fungal pathogen attack (Botha et al 2005 ; Kaloshian and Walling 2005 ; Moran and Thompson 2001 ; Rodriguez and Bos 2013 ), and since WRKY53 is involved in both aphid and pathogen resistance responses (Chujo et al 2007 ; Van Eck et al 2010 ), this biotic stress-induced library could be exploited in our yeast-hybrid analysis to find interactors involved in diverse biotic stress responses.…”

The Effectiveness of Several Plant Extracts to Induce Rice Plant Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight - (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)

“…Tween 20 was added to reach a concentration of 0.5%. Inoculation was carried out by dipping rice leaves (age 2 weeks after transplanting) which had been injured in bacterial suspension for 2 minutes (Niño-Liu et al, 2005).…”