A Simple Method to Measure the Ciliary Beat Rate of Respiratory Epithelium

Bleeker, J. D.; Hoeksema, P. E.

doi:10.3109/00016487109125384

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Ciliary beat frequency is an important in vitro test for monitoring mucociliary clearance in the nose 111‐113 . It is one of the few easily administered nasal tests for assessing ciliary health 114‐116 . The present study demonstrated no significant ciliary beat changes over the age range of the subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

“…Ciliary beat frequency is an important in vitro test for monitoring mucociliary clearance in the n0se.111-11~ It is one of the few easily administered nasal tests for assessing ciliary health. [114][115][116] The present study demonstrated no significant ciliary beat changes over the age range of the subjects. This is a surprising finding, since some authors have postulated that the atrophy of the nose seen in some elderly individuals is a routine process related to cilia and mucus.117-l19 A more interesting finding is the wide variation in the standard deviation of the ciliary beat frequency with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Aging of the Normal Nose in Adults

Edelstein¹

1996

The Laryngoscope

103

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Like other organs, the nose changes as the body ages. A review of the literature reveals a basic understanding of the aging process in the nose but a paucity of documentation and few organized studies. This study was designed to identify systematically the agerelated changes in the normal, nondiseased adult nose. A nasal-sinus laboratory was created, and a computerized patient database was developed. Four separate investigations were conducted. First, 111 subjects ranging in age from 21 to 94 years of age were studied prospectively using 135 variables. The following data were collected: history, symptoms, physical examination, rhinomanometry, ciliary beat frequency, smell testing, and incentive spirometry. Second, photographs of a separate group of 105 subjects 20 to 86 years of age were studied to ascertain the facial cephalometric changes that occur with aging. Third, a histopathologic examination of the nasal septum was performed in 20 additional subjects to evaluate the cellular changes that accompany aging. Finally, an epidemiologic study analyzing the prevalence of various nasal complaints by age was conducted, based on a review of more than 11,000 patient charts from surgeries and office visits. A number of specific age-related changes in the nose were identified, including an increased likelihood of certain nasal complaints, a pattern of increasing airflow resistance, and a decrease in physical abnormalities in the nasopharynx. The appearance of the nose, as measured by the nasolabial angle and the height/length ratio, was also found to change with age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Aging of the Normal Nose in Adults

Edelstein¹

1996

The Laryngoscope

103

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“…Rhinitis and sinusitis also affect this transport apparatus. Bacterial toxins and proteolytic enzymes, present at increased levels in the nasal secretions during infections hamper the ciliary activity (Bleeker & Hoeksema 1971;Denny 1974;Ohashi et al 1988;Sakakura et al 1973;Sykes et al 1987;Toremalm 1980;Wilson et al 1987Wilson et al & 1985. Furthermore, infections may lead to a quantitative reduction of cilia and disturbances in the metachronal organization of their activity (Iravani & Melville 1976;Reimer & Toremalm 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Benzalkonium Chloride‐Containing Nasal Spray on Human Respiratory Mucosa in vitro as a Function of Concentration and Time of Action

Berg

Henriksen

Steinsvåg

1995

Pharmacology & Toxicology

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Human respiratory mucosa was exposed to oxymetazoline nasal spray in varying concentrations and for varying periods of time in vitro. The drug destroyed the tissue in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In the experiments with various concentrations of the spray, some tissue fragments retained their viability throughout the experiment. This number increased parallel to a decrease in concentrations of the test substance. All the tissue fragments exposed to undiluted nose spray underwent severe destructive alterations during the exposure period. These alterations appeared first and were most extensive in those exposed for the longest periods of time. It has previously been demonstrated that the toxic effect of oxymetazoline nasal spray in vitro is probably due to the preservative benzalkonium chloride. The apparent lack of consistency between the toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride in vitro and in vivo is discussed, with special reference to protective systems absent in vitro but present in vivo.

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“…">Hanging drop technique: The hanging drop technique is commonly used. The ciliated sample is suspended in a drop of cell culture medium between the glass slide and the coverslip; the visualization chamber can be open (a chamber created by the separation of a coverslip and glass slide by two adjacent cover slips) (Figure A) or closed (silicon grease, silicon ring, welled slide) (Figure B). Perfusion chambers: Closed perfusion chambers (Figure C) ensure a large control over the environment.…”

Section: Respiratory Ciliated Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization

Kempeneers¹,

Seaton

Espinosa

et al. 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited disorder in which respiratory cilia are stationary, or beat in a slow or dyskinetic manner, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and significant sinopulmonary disease. One diagnostic test is ciliary functional analysis using digital high‐speed video microscopy (DHSV), which allows real‐time analysis of complete ciliary function, comprising ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (CBP). However, DHSV lacks standardization. In this paper, the current knowledge of DHSV ciliary functional analysis is presented, and recommendations given for a standardized protocol for ciliary sample collection and processing. A proposal is presented for a quantitative and qualitative CBP evaluation system, to be used to develop international consensus agreement, and future DHSV research areas are identified.

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A Simple Method to Measure the Ciliary Beat Rate of Respiratory Epithelium

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Aging of the Normal Nose in Adults

Aging of the Normal Nose in Adults

The Effect of a Benzalkonium Chloride‐Containing Nasal Spray on Human Respiratory Mucosa in vitro as a Function of Concentration and Time of Action

Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization

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