A simple methodological validation of the gas/particle fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

Kim, Yong Hyun; Kim, Ki‐Hyun

doi:10.1038/srep11679

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, in many studies carried out with sorbent tube sampler, QW is generally used as a supporting medium for analytical purposes. Their affinity is minimal for aromatic hydrocarbons but found to be maximum for SVOCs and PAHs 54 . Hence, in this study we tried to evaluate the sorptive losses of SVOCs due to the quartz wool by measuring its sorptive capacity like other sorbent materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at ambient conditions

Vellingiri

Szulejko

Kumar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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144

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In this research, we investigated the sorptive behavior of a mixture of 14 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (four aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and styrene), six C2-C5 volatile fatty acids (VFAs), two phenols, and two indoles) against three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., MOF-5, Eu-MOF, and MOF-199 at 5 to 10 mPa VOC partial pressures (25 °C). The selected MOFs exhibited the strongest affinity for semi-volatile (polar) VOC molecules (skatole), whereas the weakest affinity toward was volatile (non-polar) VOC molecules (i.e., benzene). Our experimental results were also supported through simulation analysis in which polar molecules were bound most strongly to MOF-199, reflecting the presence of strong interactions of Cu2+ with polar VOCs. In addition, the performance of selected MOFs was compared to three well-known commercial sorbents (Tenax TA, Carbopack X, and Carboxen 1000) under the same conditions. The estimated equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg.g−1) for the all target VOCs was in the order of; MOF-199 (71.7) >Carboxen-1000 (68.4) >Eu-MOF (27.9) >Carbopack X (24.3) >MOF-5 (12.7) >Tenax TA (10.6). Hopefully, outcome of this study are expected to open a new corridor to expand the practical application of MOFs for the treatment diverse VOC mixtures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at ambient conditions

Vellingiri

Szulejko

Kumar

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

Self Cite

144

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“…The difficulty in detecting medium- and high-molecular-weight p-PAHs in diesel exhaust samples is dependent on the MDRs of 5 and 6-ring p-PAHs (e.g., BaP, InP and BghiP). In addition to the uncertainty in the measurement profiles, heterogeneous gas-particle partitioning among various PAH species 59 and atmospheric reactions between certain PAH species with oxidants (e.g., ozone and nitrogen oxides) may also introduce bias. Therefore, the efficacy and accuracy of using these suggested characteristic MDRs to apportion diesel combustion sources in an ambient environment may be substantially uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel vehicles using a portable emissions measurement system

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) emitted from diesel vehicles are of concern because of their significant health impacts. Laboratory tests, road tunnel and roadside experiments have been conducted to measure p-PAH emissions. While providing valuable information, these methods have limited capabilities of characterizing p-PAH emissions either from individual vehicles or under real-world conditions. We employed a portable emissions measurement (PEMS) to measure real-world emission factors of priority p-PAHs for diesel vehicles representative of an array of emission control technologies. The results indicated over 80% reduction in p-PAH emission factors comparing the China V and China II emission standard groups (113 μg kg−1 vs. 733 μg kg−1). The toxicity abatement in terms of Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent emissions was substantial because of the large reductions in highly toxic components. By assessing real traffic conditions, the p-PAH emission factors on freeways were lower than on local roads by 52% ± 24%. A significant correlation (R2~0.85) between the p-PAH and black carbon emissions was identified with a mass ratio of approximately 1/2000. A literature review indicated that diesel p-PAH emission factors varied widely by engine technology, measurement methods and conditions, and the molecular diagnostic ratio method for source apportionment should be used with great caution.

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“…Ambient studies of gas-particle partitioning are influenced by many factors such as ambient temperatures (Terzi and Samara, 2004), relative humidity (Pankow et al, 1993), and sampling technique (reviewed by Kim and Kim, 2015), confounding direct comparisons between this and other studies. Overall, the general trends observed herein are consistent with prior studies that report PAHs with two-three aromatic rings (C 10 -C 14 ) mainly in the gas phase (F p ≥ 0.93), those with five or more aromatic rings (≥ C 20 ) mainly in the particle phase (F p ≥ 0.9), and those with four aromatic rings (C 16 and C 18 ) partitioned between the two phases depending on their chemical structure and atmospheric conditions (Yamasaki et al, 1982;Williams et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2011;Kim and Kim, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers from aromatic hydrocarbons

Al-Naiema

Stone

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Products of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) -2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid, dicarboxylic acids, nitromonoaromatics, and furandiones -were evaluated for their potential to serve as anthropogenic SOA tracers with respect to their (1) ambient concentrations and detectability in PM 2.5 in Iowa City, IA, USA; (2) gas-particle partitioning behaviour; and (3) source specificity by way of correlations with primary and secondary source tracers and literature review. A widely used tracer for toluene-derived SOA, 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid was only detected in the particle phase (F p = 1) at low but consistently measurable ambient concentrations (averaging 0.3 ng m −3 ). Four aromatic dicarboxylic acids were detected at relatively higher concentrations (9.1-34.5 ng m −3 ), of which phthalic acid was the most abundant. Phthalic acid had a low particlephase fraction (F p = 0.26) likely due to quantitation interferences from phthalic anhydride, while 4-methylphthalic acid was predominantly in the particle phase (F p = 0.82). Phthalic acid and 4-methylphthalic acid were both highly correlated with 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid (r s = 0.73, p = 0.003; r s = 0.80, p < 0.001, respectively), suggesting that they were derived from aromatic VOCs. Isophthalic and terephthalic acids, however, were detected only in the particle phase (F p = 1), and correlations suggested association with primary emission sources. Nitromonoaromatics were dominated by particle-phase concentrations of 4-nitrocatechol (1.6 ng m −3 ) and 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol (1.6 ng m −3 ) that were associated with biomass burning. Meanwhile, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl alcohol was detected in a lower concentration (0.06 ng m −3 ) in the particle phase only (F p = 1) and is known as a product of toluene photooxidation. Furandiones in the atmosphere have only been attributed to the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons; however the substantial partitioning toward the gas phase (F p ≤ 0.16) and their water sensitivity limit their application as tracers. The outcome of this study is the demonstration that 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid, phthalic acid, 4-methylphthalic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl alcohol are good candidates for tracing SOA from aromatic VOCs.

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A simple methodological validation of the gas/particle fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at ambient conditions

Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds at ambient conditions

Characterizing particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel vehicles using a portable emissions measurement system

Evaluation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers from aromatic hydrocarbons

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